对折

Based on the laminate theory, a laminate weakened by damage is treated as an anisotropic thin plate. Using the complex potential method in the plane theory of elasticity of an anisotropic body, the series solution of finite anisotropic thin plate containing an elliptical inclusion is proposed with the help of Faber series. A hybrid element with an elliptical inclusion for anisotropic materials is obtained by using the hybrid variable principle, and the element efficiency is verified by numerical examples. The state of the damage is modeled by an elliptical soft inclusion, and using the point stress criterion based on characteristic curve and Yamada-Sun etc. criteria, the prediction of the strength of a composite laminate with damage is set up. The effects of various parameters on the stress distribution and the residual strength of a composite laminate weakened by damage are detailedly studied.

首先基于经典层板理论，将复合材料层板的弹性问题化归为均匀各向异性板来求解；采用各向异性体平面弹性理论中的复势方法，以Faber级数为工具，给出了有限大含椭圆核各向异性板弹性问题的级数解形式；利用杂交变分原理，成功导出含椭圆核各向异性板杂交应力有限元，并用算例验证了该单元的可行性和有效性；采用含刚度折减椭圆形弹性核的冲击损伤模型，引入基于特征曲线和Yamada-Sun破坏准则的点应力判据，建立了含损伤复合材料层板剩余强度的分析方法；通过数值计算详细讨论了各种几何参数对损伤层板应力分布、剩余强度的影响，得到了一系列对工程应用具有实用价值的结论。

The surface characteristic and the thermal performance of the fibers were analyzed by SEM and TG-DTA, respectively.

借助SEM、TG-DTA对纤维表面形貌和热性能进行了分析，并对羊毛织物壳聚糖整理前、后的抗折皱和起毛起球性能进行了测试。

Aiming to the problem of the brittle fracture of cement sheath caused by perforation and other production enhancing measures after well cementing of thin oil reservoir wells,latex,rubber powders and PVA fibers were studied to reduce cement stone friability and distinguish the toughness and elasticity of cement stone accurately.

针对国内油田薄油层井、小间隙井和侧钻井固井后射孔及后续增产措施造成的水泥环脆裂问题，为了降低水泥石的脆性，正确评价不同材料对水泥石韧性或弹性的影响，对掺有胶乳、橡胶粉和PVA纤维水泥石的抗折强度、抗压强度、抗冲击功和弹性模量等力学性能进行了研究，并对3种材料的作用机理进行了剖析。

Based on investigating the short and intermittent structural plane, surrounding rockmass of the huge underground powerhouse in Three Gorge has been divided into five statistical similar areas according to its characteristic of rockmass structure by applying structure plane network simulation. Distributed characteristic of structural plane has been studied and based on it mechanics macrocharacteristic has been studied:(1) It is the first time that based on the result of structural plane network simulation rockmass quality of every structure area has been studied with applying blurred information optimum seeking technique and be compared with and RQD method. The result indicated that it has better effect to evaluate rock quality with blurred information optimum seeking technique.(2) It is the first time that the interrelated relationship of the result of in-suit rockmass deformation test and fractal characteristic of structure on test point has been applied to determine rockmass deformation parameter. The question of evaluating deformation parameters of engineering rockmass has been solved.(3) Anisotropy strength parameters have been determined by applying shear zones simulating method. The result indicated that there are different strength parameters in every structural area, after comparing the result of Fast Lagranian Analysis in continua number simulation method with that of method of weighted mean according to continuity. The result indicated that when a suitable reduction coefficient is been considered rockmass strength parameters can be simply and fast determined with method of weighted mean according to continuity where there is not enough test result.(4) Damage characteristic has been studied based on analysis fractal characteristic of structural plane network by applying fractal-damage coupling method. It is the first time that the concept of damage degree has been set up to evaluate rockmass quality according to the biggest principal damage.

通过对短小、断续性结构面统计特征的研究，将地下厂房区划分为五个岩体结构统计均质区，应用结构面网络模拟技术研究了各个岩体结构均质区结构面的发育分布特征，并以此为基础对岩体宏观力学特性进行了深入研究：(1)首次通过在结构面网络模拟计算结果的基础上，应用模糊信息优化技术研究了厂房区各个岩体结构分区的岩体质量并与岩体基本质量指标研究法、岩体质量指标RQD值研究法作了对比，结果表明以结构面网络模拟结果为基础，应用模糊信息优化技术进行岩体质量评价能够取得很好的效果，解决了工程岩体质量的定量评价问题；(2)首次通过对已有的现场大型岩体变形试验结果的分析及相应试验点岩体结构分形特征的研究，建立了结构面分布的分形维数和岩体变形指标间的相关关系，并首次应用这种相关关系根据结构面网络模拟及分形维数计算结果确定了缺少试验结果的地下厂房各工程部位的岩体变形指标而且应用于围岩稳定性计算，解决了工程岩体宏观变形参数的评价问题；(3)应用在结构面模拟网络图上模拟岩体剪切破坏带的方法，得出了岩体在不同方向上的强度参数，结果表明岩体的强度特性与结构面的发育方向和程度有着明显的关系，各个岩体结构均质区具有不同的强度参数；同时还通过应用拉格朗日差分法对岩体强度指标的数值分析并与按连通率加权平均计算法对比表明，按连通率加权平均计算法在考虑合理的折减系数情况下，可以简单快速地对缺少现场大型试验结果的具体工程部位实现岩体强度指标的估计，通过以上研究解决了工程岩体抗剪强度参数的评价问题；(4)通过结构面网络分形维数的研究，应用分形损伤耦合分析方法，研究了厂房区岩体的损伤特征，并首次引入"损伤度"的概念，建立了应用最大主损伤评价岩体质量的指标体系。

In the paper, the electrode system of the original TL/TSC measurement instrument is improved, which greatly facilitates sample exchange and increased liquid nitrogen's running and cooling speed. Through long time and repeated practice we finally find an effective method to prepare films. We've synthesized a new kind of organic photo-refraction material nitryl azobenzene grafting PVK and characterized it with IR spectra. We've also synthesized 5OCB and found the optimal mass ratio of PVK/5OCB/C60-49.8:50:0.2, and given the two-beam coupling testing result.

本文的主要工作是：首先对传统热发光和热激电流测量装置的电极系统进行了改进，使其在换取样品，液氮流动、冷却速度等方面都有了很大提高；摸索了较适合于热激实验的成膜方法；合成了一种新型的有机光折变材料硝基偶氮苯接枝PVK，并对其做了红外谱表征；合成了生色团物质5OCB，找到PVK/5OCB/C_(60)的最佳配比为49.8：50：0.2，并对该体系做了初步的光学测试。

Taking the shell fabrics and adjuvants used for the winter dress as the example, based on the structure parameters test and dry-cleaning experiments with petroleum solvent and tetrachloroethylene, the sample performance before and after dry-cleaning, such as thickness, dimennsion contraction, crease recovery angle, drape coefficient bending stiffness and color difference and so on, is tested.

以冬季女上装常用面料和里料为例，在对其进行结构参数测试和石油溶剂、四氯乙烯干洗剂干洗实验的基础上，对试样干洗前后的厚度、尺寸变化率、折皱回复性能、悬垂性、刚柔性、色牢度等相关性能指标进行了测试，着重就干洗对服装面辅料性能的影响进行了对比分析和总结。

Analyses for binder phase distribution and percolative nature as well as effect of progressive substitution HAC byα-alumina on phase composition and distribution in alumina-substituted MDF composites and wet properties suggest that the contribution of the cross-linked PVA located in the interphase region to transport of moisture is limited.

通过加热MDF复合材料至不同温度点分析了其胶结相的分布和渗透特性以及掺加α—A1〓O〓对其相组成、分布和湿性能的影响，结果表明，界面相中交联PVA对湿度传递的贡献是非常有限的，而本体聚合物区域的PVA提供了湿度传递的主要途径，未反应水泥颗粒作为水的接受体，对MDF复合材料的湿抗折性能与吸湿也产生了严重的有害影响。

The formula is suitable for most engineering cast which consist of three disposal styles of tension rod-level tension rod, one break point strut-framed tension rod, two break points strut-framed tesion rod, and consider the boundary conditions effect on the strengthening. Its application also is convenience.

此公式包容了现今预应力法加固工程中多采用的三种拉杆布置型式——水平式拉杆、下撑式一折点拉杆、下撑式两折点拉杆，并考虑到边界条件对加固所产生的影响，具有简便易用，适用面广的特点。

In the case of short light pulses irradiance, photovoltaic effect has no effect on the writing and erasing photorefractive gratings in the LiNbO3 crystal.

因此，在短脉冲光入射光折变晶体材料情况下，考虑光生伏打效应与不考虑光伏效应，对短脉冲光在光折变LiNbO3晶体中写入和擦除光栅基本没有影响。

Based on a variety of books and materials, foreign or domestic, this thesis deals with the recent development and application, the past, present and future for solar energy and solar cells, analyzes the great senses of solar energy and solar cells for the development of economic, and analyzes their structure photovoltaic effect and conservation efficiency. The writer also elaborates the working principles and application characteristic of solar cell, various factors that may lead to bad conservation efficiency of solar cell. Based on the the working principles and application characteristic of solar cell, emphasizes on some ways of improving photovoltaic conservation efficiency for solar cell, for example: the appropriate thickness of solar cell, the low resistance, the phalanx of solar cell, the film of reduce the reflect of solar rays, and so on, and designs simply the feasible way, then give out the CAD frame chart .

本文是在收集了大量的国内外图书资料的基础上，对太阳能和太阳能电池的广泛应用领域、过去、现在和未来进行了探讨，分析了太阳能和太阳能电池的对我国经济发展的重大意义，阐述了太阳能电池的工作原理和应用特性，论述了影响太阳能电池光电转换效率的因素，重点介绍了几种提高太阳能电池光电转换效率的方法，例如：合适的太阳能电池厚度、降低太阳能电池的串联电阻、采用太阳能电池方阵、采用光伏发电自动跟踪系统、采用减反射膜和折面型抛物柱太阳能聚光器，并对以上可行的方法进行了简单综合设计，实现了 CAD 框图。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。