实质问题

In Order to solve the question that the criminal theory system is the formal or material,it is necessary to contact the question that the criminal theory system is categorical system or teleological system.

犯罪论体系是范畴论还是目的论，是形式犯罪论与实质犯罪论的原点问题。要解决形式与实质犯罪论这一新的刑法学派之争，必须联系犯罪论体系的范畴论与目的论予以考察。

This article from the international criminal law of view, discussed several problems of specific application about theory of Substantially similar principle double Criminality in the process of extraditing international criminal offenders, considered that the theory didn't violate nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege or principle of the political offense exception to extradition and believed that this theory can conhere with the principle of aut dedere aut judicare, which is extended from the principle of universal jurisdiction.

本文从国际刑法学的角度，论述了在对国际犯罪进行引渡的过程中，双重犯罪原则之实质类似说的具体适用需要把握的若干问题，认为实质类似说与罪刑法定主义并无冲突，也不会造成对政治犯不引渡原则的背反，它与普遍管理原则所引申出的或引渡或起诉原则能够达成协调。

It is argued that strict implication proposed by Lewis is essentially the same as material implication in that it is a truth-unction based defintion of implication.

严格蕴涵和实质蕴涵本质上都是基于命题真假函项的蕴涵概念的定义方法，并不能从根本上解决实质蕴涵会导致蕴涵怪论的问题。

Hangzhou 310027,China）Abstract :It is argued that strict implication proposed by Lewis is essentially the same as material implication in that it is a truth-unction based defintion of implication.

严格蕴涵和实质蕴涵本质上都是基于命题真假函项的蕴涵概念的定义方法，并不能从根本上解决实质蕴涵会导致蕴涵怪论的问题。

Material implication is an extremely important concept of modern logic,but we encountered a lot of problems as we attempted to analyze and explain the hypothetical proposition of natural language with material implication,this situation obstructs the aim of logic norm and people's correct thinking.

实质蕴涵是现代逻辑的一个极其重要的概念，但是用实质蕴涵理论来分析和说明自然语言中的假言命题却出现了许多解释不通的问题。这种状况有悖于逻辑规范和引导人们进行正确思维及表达的宗旨。

The so-called paradox of material implication is not actually that odd since it is caused by some kind of misunderstanding when people require material implication expressions not only the truth properties but contents and meanings as well in conditions.

实质蕴涵与否定、合取、析取、等值等其他逻辑联结词一样，其实质是对自然语言中复句的关联词所进行的合理的逻辑抽象，所谓的"实质蕴涵怪论"其实并不怪，它是人们要求实质蕴涵反映条件联系中除真假联系之外的内容、意义方面的联系，从而作了错误的解读所造成的；作为一种特殊的条件语句，在反事实条件句与实质蕴涵的关系问题上，在反事实条件句与一般性条件句的区分上，还有很多地方需要进一步探索。

This article discusses the three tremendous cultural variations in Xiyu,analyses the main causes led to the variations and their substance,and argues that the substance of Xiyu culture's variations was the triumph of the Turki and Islamic culture ,the advanced culture keeping forging ahead and based on advanced economy,over the Yilan culture of weak quality, short of a subject ethnic consciousness and being reduced to a declining state;it was also the defeat met with by the Greek, Persi...

本文探讨了西域经历的三大文化巨变，剖析了其主要原因及实质，认为西域文化变异的实质，是以先进经济为基础的进取型先进文化———突厥文化和伊斯兰文化战胜了缺乏主体民族意识、处于沦落状态的伊兰弱质文化，也是具有悠久古文明传统的希腊、波斯、汉文化在西域文化经营的失败。文章最后揭示出一般不被人重视的文化与边疆稳定、文化兴衰与民族命运这类重大问题的关系，对结合现实与历史教训研究中华文化，特别是对建设中华边疆文化的内容与方针等问题提出了对策建议。

We can approach the modernity of the economic legal norms by manifesting the basic unit of behavior, legal rule and legal standard, and the system of Economic Law, realize the modernity of the function of Economic Law by revealing it is the guarantee that could overcome the difficult position of modernity and propel the project of modernization, detect the modernity of operation of Economic Law by inspecting its legislature, enforcement and judicature. Lastly, the author assumes that the problem of the legitimacy of Economic Law should be resolved by realizing substantive legitimacy of Economic Law in its operation.

书中指出，经济法本质的现代性体现为经济法是实质合理性与形式合理性相统一的法；经济法律规范结构的现代性体现为微观层面的"原子"行为单位的现代性、中观层面的"规则"和"标准"的现代性以及宏观层面的经济法律体系的现代性；经济法功能的现代性体现为经济法是克服现代性困境的制度保障或推进现代化事业的制度保障；经济法运行的现代性体现在作为求解经济社会问题之"新法"的经济立法、作为一种现代社会的"新的管理方式"的经济执法和以"目的指向"裁判方式为特征的经济司法上；而经济法在经济立法、经济执法和经济司法中出现的合法性问题其实就是经济法运行中的现代性问题，该问题的解决得益于经济法运行中实质合法性的实现。

Concerning the management of the government, Locke's ruled by law and Rawls's ruled by law exist a logical development. 4, Concerning the justice, Locke believes the justice of personal right, Mill believes the utilitarianist justice, Rawls believes the pure procedural justice.

4，在正义问题上，到底是坚持形式正义还是实质正义的问题，从洛克的坚持个人权利、法律正义的形式正义，到密尔对功利主义的结果、功利强调而坚持实质正义，再到罗尔斯的形式正义和实质正义的统一，这一发展过程。

Clinton told a crowd in South Bend, Indiana Saturday she is focusing on the substance of the issues, while Obama is relying on style.

希拉里周六在印第安纳州South Bend对民众说，她所关注的是实质问题，然而奥巴马只依赖于形式。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。