官僚化

There are shortcomings such as hierarchization, administrationism, bureaucratism in the traditional university management system.

中国传统的大学管理体制存在着等级化、行政化、官僚化等弊端。

At the same time, government experienced the rise of bureaucratization and the administrative state.

同时，政府经历了官僚化和行政州的风险。

At the same time, government experienced the rise of bureaucratization and the administrative state. Nowhere was this done more brutally than in the

与此同时，虽然不如中世纪的集权国家那样野蛮，我们的政府还是在变得越来越集权化和官僚化。

The rational principles of bureaucracy become the primary ones of management model of public organization, carried out by governments little by little. At the same time, the inherent limitations and irrational bureaucratic morbidities emerge in the process of bureaucratization.

官僚制的理性原则逐渐为各国政府所吸收、贯彻，成为公共行政组织管理模式的基本原则，同时，官僚制的固有局限性和非理性的官僚病态在官僚化的过程中也逐渐显现。

At the same time, government experienced the rise of bureaucratization and the administrative state. Nowhere was this done more brutally than in the totalitarian states of mid-century.

与此同时，虽然不如中世纪的集权国家那样野蛮，我们的政府还是在变得越来越集权化和官僚化。

While realizing the damage of bureaucratization to the tradition of academic freedom in Germany, Weber also realized the inevitability of this tendency. He wanted the teachers to achieve value-neutrality in the teaching area, to recognize the dilemma of rationalization, and to take one's own academic responsibility, and achieving scholastic inner "positive freedom".

韦伯一方面看到官僚化对德国大学学术自由传统的破坏，另一方面也看到了这种趋势的必然性，他呼吁教师做到价值中立，认识到理智化过程的两面性，积极承担起自己的学术职责，实现自己内心的积极自由。

State regime construction means that state power collapses traditional local power structure, and sets up new political system and political culture, in order to realize regime's bureaucratization and rationalization. So the state regimes construction includes three respects: The first is state bureaucracy system construction, modern state regime depends on this system to promote state power.

国家政权建设是指国家权力不断瓦解传统地方权力结构，确立新的政治体制和政治文化，实现政权的官僚化和合理化的过程，它包含三方面的问题：一是国家官僚体制建设，现代国家政权是以官僚体制为工具来推行国家权力的，国家政权在官僚体制建设中形成新的规则和运行秩序，体现了新的国家与社会关系；二是国家能力建设，国家能力是指推行国家权力应具备的社会经济基础；三是合法性建设，将政治权力的行使变成"合法"权威，使国家权力的推行不至遭到民众的抵抗。

State regime construction means that state power collapses traditional local power structure, and sets up new political system and political culture, in order to realize regimes bureaucratization and rationalization. So the state regimes construction includes three respects: The first is state bureaucracy system construction, modern state regime depends on this system to promote state power.

国家政权建设是指国家权力不断瓦解传统地方权力结构，确立新的政治体制和政治文化，实现政权的官僚化和合理化的过程，它包含三方面的问题：一是国家官僚体制建设，现代国家政权是以官僚体制为工具来推行国家权力的，国家政权在官僚体制建设中形成新的规则和运行秩序，体现了新的国家与社会关系；二是国家能力建设，国家能力是指推行国家权力应具备的社会经济基础；三是合法性建设，将政治权力的行使变成"合法"权威，使国家权力的推行不至遭到民众的抵抗。

There are many problems in the relationship bewteen town government and village committee after the cancellation of the agricultural tax, including that the liceity of town governments facing challenges because the absence of the supply of rural public goods; the "attach-up" of town governments leading to disjunction between town governments and village committee; the bureaucratization of town governments intensifying their confrontation with the village committees; the disjunction and confrontation leading the excessive autonomy of villages; the failure of the system of "one case one meeting" strengthening the tendency of town subordination of villages.

取消农业税后我国的乡村关系中存在着诸多问题：行政村公共产品供给缺位，乡镇政府面临着合法性挑战；乡镇政府的"上附性"会导致其与行政村的脱节；乡镇政府的官僚化会加剧其与行政村的对立；乡村之间的脱节与对立会导致行政村的过度自治化；"一事一议"制度失效会强化行政村的乡镇附属化倾向。在这里需要说明的是，行政村的过度自治化和乡镇附属化倾向在农业税改革之前就存在着，但农业税改革之后这些情况虽然存在，但却是由不同的原因引起的。

Under the circumstance, to renew the traditional judicial must deepen the reform on professionalism, specialization, and standardization. On the other hand, resolves the problems following with the excessively bureaucratizing, such as democracy, hierarchy and so on. These tracks include to flat the judicial tissue, improve the democratic participation, decentralize power scientifically for sharing equally in all steps in trial system.

针对我国国情，在对传统司法组织进行改造时，一方面应当继续深化职业化、专业化和规范化改革，另一方面则应当努力解决过度官僚化带来的问题，如民主问题、等级问题等，这些解决途径主要包括：对司法组织进行&扁平化&改造；提高诉讼的民主参与程度；科学分权，均衡各层级法院的权力等。

Means the parent directory, so this command means to execute "toolchain.sh," which is in the current directory.

代表父目录，所以这个命令就是执行当前目录下的"toolchain.sh"。

Yes,In fact,I'm on our city ream.

是的。事实上我是我们市队的。