奇异

By integral transformation of basic equations, the stress and displacement expressions with unknown coefficients of elastic and viscoelastic materials were obtained in Laplace domain respectively, and introducing dislocation density functions, the singular integral equations were got according to the boundary conditions and interface connection conditions, further adopting Gauss integration and Gauss-Jacobi integration formula, the problem was reduced to algebraic equations, then it can be solved with the method of collocation dots in Laplace domain. Finally, the time response of dynamic stress intensity factor was calculated with the inverse Laplace integral transformation.

采用积分变换方法，得到Laplace域内弹性和粘弹性材料的应力和位移的含未知系数的表达式；引入位错密度函数，并通过边界条件和界面连接条件，导出反映裂纹尖端奇异性的奇异积分方程组，采用Gauss积分，并运用Gauss-Jacobi求积公式化奇异积分方程组为代数方程组，利用配点法进行求解；最后经过Laplace逆变换，求得动态应力强度因子的时间响应。

The nonsingular integrals are popularly calculated by the Gauss numerical integral, and they are low in precision when the source points approach the element, and the singular integrals are complex.

非奇异积分一般采用数值积分，当配置点接近积分单元时，计算精度较低，奇异积分的计算也很复杂。

"Now, my suspicion is that the universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose"(J.B.S. Haldane).

"现在，我的怀疑是宇宙不但比我们所假想的要奇异，而且比我们能假想的还要奇异" J·B·S·霍尔丹）。

Because many practical problems could been changed to the boundary value problems for holomorphic function or singular integral equations in the mechanics, physics and the engineering technology.

因为力学、物理学、工程技术中的许多实际问题往往可化为这类问题或者化为奇异积分方程，而奇异积分方程又与解析函数的边值问题有着紧密的联系，所以研究这类问题有着重要的实际意义，从而吸引了很多科研工作者从事这方面的研究。

R is a regular ring if and only if every singular right R-module is P-flat if and only if every cyclic singular right R-module is P-flat if and only if the homomorphic image of every P-flat right R-module is P-flat.

得到了R为正则环当且仅当每一个奇异右R-模P-平坦当且仅当每一个循环奇异右R-模P-平坦当且仅当P-平坦右R-模的同态像P-平坦这一主要结果。

Uncertain singular systems are transformed into the form of restricted equivalence by a nonsingular linear transformation. By the method of Lyapunov function, a new terminal sliding mode control strategy based on the form of restricted equivalence is proposed for the first time, and the hypersurface of a special terminal sliding mode is given. A terminal sliding mode controller is designed correspondingly such that the motion of sliding mode can be guaranteed and the systems state variables can converge to the equilibrium point in a finite time.

通过非奇异线性变换把不确定奇异系统变换成受限等价形式，利用Lyapunov函数方法，首次提出了一种新的Terminal滑模控制策略，给出了特殊的Terminal滑模超曲面，设计了相应的滑模控制器，实现了滑模运动，保证了系统状态变量在有限时间内收敛到平衡点。

The resulting linear system, the coefficient matrix of which is, typically, a 2 x 2 block symmetric or non-symmetric and singular or non-singular indefinite matrix, is of high order and ill conditioned. In order to solve such system we have to use iterative methods with fast convergence speed.

所得的离散方程组（其系数矩阵典型地是 2 x 2 块对称或非对称，奇异或非奇异的不定矩阵）是高阶和病态的，为了求解这样的方程组我们必需使用快速收敛的迭代方法。

In chapter 4, we first discussed the existence of multiple positive solutions of the second order nonsingular Dirichlet boundary value problem for impulsive differential equations by using the fixed point index theorem in cones . Next, we presented some new existence results for singular boundary value problems for second order impulsive differential equations by using fixed point theorem in cones and Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative theorem.

第四章我们首先利用锥不动点定理讨论了非奇异二阶脉冲微分方程狄利克莱边值问题多个正解的存在性；其次我们用锥不动点定理和Leray-Schauder型非线性抉择定理，讨论了奇异二阶脉冲微分方程狄利克莱边值问题一个及多个正解的存在性。

The nearly singular integral occurs in the boundary element formulation when a source point is close to the integration element but not on this element.

边界元法中存在几乎奇异积分的计算困难。引起边界单元上几乎奇异积分的因素是源点到其邻近单元的最小距离δ。

In order to calculating the weak singular integral, the coordinate transform method is used.

为了获得被积函数的奇异积分高精度的解，采用坐标转化的方法，消除被积函数中的弱奇异积分。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。