多阶段规划

Dynamic programming is a way of thinking to solve the optimization problem of multi-stage decision-making.

动态规划是解决多阶段决策最优化问题的一种思想方法。

The dynamic programming is a branch that it is multi-stage decision-making process of solving a mathematical optimization method.

动态规划是运筹学的一个分支，它是解决多阶段决策过程最优化的一种数学方法。

When a multi-stage stochastic programming model is applied, the task of sce-nario analysis is of great importance.

使用多阶段随机规划模型去解决实际决策问题时，情景分析是一项很重要的工作。

Yet besides a few publications on nonstationary inventory control methods, not much work has been down in this area. Since the demand distribution for different period is different, it is a multistage stochastic programming problem and is difficult to solve directly.

当前文献对非平稳需求库存管理问题研究得不多，每期需求分布随时间变化，是个多阶段随机规划问题，通常情况难以直接进行求解。

Dynamic program is to solve much phase the mathematical method of decision-making problem, it can divide the moving process of a certain system for a certain number of level, use principle of optimality to build basic equation, make target function is achieved best, seek an optimum solution.

动态规划是解决多阶段决策问题的数学方法，它可以将某个系统的运行过程分为若干个阶段，利用最优化原理建立基本方程，使目标函数达到最优，求出最优解。

The observing activity featured by angle-dependent effects, sequence characteristics, so the problem can be partition into multiple phases according to the maximum slew times. The algorithm based on dynamic programming is developed to find the global optimal solution within polynomial time.

分析了观测活动性质，并基于观测活动间存在时序关系特征，将问题按照卫星的最大侧摆次数划分为多个阶段，提出了基于动态规划思想的算法，能够在多项式时间内得到问题的最优解。

Dynamic programming algorithm was introduced to solve the problem. Based on discussion of calculation complexity and effectiveness, the exact DP Algorithm was successfully used in operative schedule of the collecting bucket in multi-car-single-layer mode, which has few service nodes. For problems with large number of service nodes, restricted DP algorithm was constructed to avoid rapid expand in calculation and memory demands during programming process. The restricted DP algorithm, successfully used in single-car-multilayer and compound service modes, gets balance between near optimal programming results and reasonable programming time, so as to meet the real time schedule demands.

文中首先在TSP-STW问题的动态规划模型基础上，论述了计算机精确动态规划解法的求解策略和方法以及算法的有效性和复杂性，并将其成功应用于服务节点数相对较少的多小车单层配药服务模式中集中料斗的集药动作规划；在进行服务节点数较多的单小车多层服务模式中取药小车的运动规划时，为限制计算量和存储空间需求的迅速膨胀，引入以合理限制动态规划算法在每一阶段保留的最大状态元素数为核心的有限动态规划法，以便在求解结果的优化程度和规划时间上取得均衡，达到实时调度的要求。

It has the main advantages of stochastic dynamic programming and nested Benders decomposition simultaneously, and can be used to deal with problems with large number of both stages and state variables.

这种算法可以综合随机动态规划和嵌套Benders分解的优势，有效地用来处理较多阶段和较大维数状态空间的问题。

As an application of multi-stage stochastic programming to financial optimization, we propose a new dynamic model for bond portfolio selection.

作为多阶段随机规划模型在金融优化领域的一个应用，第四章建立了一个新的动态债券投资组合模型。

From look with come-and-go, perfect and spatio-temporal it is one pays attention to a product the company of own research and development, much atelier mode can make sure product of this company each level is rolled out smoothly, and retain good brand competition ability for a long time, no matter compete from the market,still be from absorbing ability respect, perfect international is pushing his program ceaselessly, and all game manufacturers that do not pay attention to education of product competition ability, talent and much atelier to run paralell can encounter cycle of product research and development inevitably expatiatory, coessential change serious and originality antiquated corner.

从以往来看，完美时空是一家注重产品自主研发的公司，多工作室模式可以保证该公司各阶段产品顺利推出，并且长期保持良好的品牌竞争力，无论从市场竞争还是从吸引人才方面，完美国际正不断推进自己的规划，而所有不注重产品竞争力、人才培养与多工作室并行的游戏厂商也不可避免地会遇到产品研发周期冗长、同质化严重以及创意过时的窘境。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。