声调

The dissertation contains three chapters: Chapter One Phonetic Study On Tones and Tone Sandhis At first, the author introduces the traditional dialectological description and analysis on the tones and tone sandhis of the Shanghai dialect.

先介绍传统方言学对上海方言声调的描写与分析，再用现代语音学的方法，对上海方言的单音节声调和两类双音节连读变调的声学特性（基频F0和时长）作出描写和分析。

With the Japanese students of different Chinese level as principal participants and American students of middle-advanced Chinese level as reference objects, the paper analyzes the form of tune error, the content and period of "fossilism", and the sequence and process of acquisition.

本文以教学实践中发现的外国留学生存在&洋腔洋调&问题为主要探讨内容，选择日本和美国留学生作为调查对象，锁定汉语声调学习为切入点，对一定时期的两国学生声调学习进行细致地剖析。

Two-channel frequency-domain analysis is used to find the fundamental frequency of unvoiced speech signals, and then to control the stimulation rate of current pulses.

基于传统的汉语语音声调提取方法，采用双通道的频域分析法进行基音分析，提取汉语语音声调的变化轨迹，控制刺激模式的产生。

Certainly Miss Mann had a formidable eye for one of the softer sex: it was prominent, and showed a great deal of the white, and looked as steadily, as unwinkingly, at you as if it were a steel ball soldered in her head; and when, while looking, she began to talk in an indescribably dry monotonous tone---a tone without vibration or inflection---you felt as if a graven image of some bad spirit were addressing you.

Charlotte Bronte， Shirley 作为一个女性来说，曼小姐的确有一双可怕的眼睛：眼珠突出，叫人看到大量的眼白，一动不动，一眨不眨地直盯着你看，仿佛那是装在她脑袋瓜子上的钢球。当她一边看着你，一边以一种难以形容的冷淡，单调的声调——一种毫无抑扬顿挫的声调——开口说话的时候，你会觉得仿佛是个凶神恶煞的雕像在对你说话。

Ertainly Miss Mann had a formidable eye for one of the softer sex: it was prominent, and showed a great deal of the white, and looked as steadily, as unwinkingly, at you as if it were a steel ball soldered in her head; and when, while looking, she began to talk in an indescribably dry monotonous tone---a tone without vibration or inflection---you felt as if a graven image of some bad spirit were addressing you.

harlotte Bronte， Shirley 作为一个女性来说，曼小姐的确有一双可怕的眼睛：眼珠突出，叫人看到大量的眼白，一动不动，一眨不眨地直盯着你看，仿佛那是装在她脑袋瓜子上的钢球。当她一边看着你，一边以一种难以形容的冷淡、单调的声调——一种毫无抑扬顿挫的声调——开口说话的时候，你会觉得仿佛是个凶神恶煞的雕像在对你说话。

The Yeniseian languages have been described as having up to four tones or no tones at all.

叶尼塞语系曾被认为至多有四个声调或者没有声调。

Each syllable has a certain tone. Difference in tone can signal a difference in meaning, e.g.

每个音节都有一定的声调，声调不同意义也不同。

Everything about her had been smooth and definite, even the tones of her voice and the way her light brown hair, which she wore a la Pompadour*, was rolled stiffly back from her forehead and coiled in a burnished rope on the top of her head.

她的一切都是那么安详平淡，那么不事张扬，甚至包括她说话的声调和她选择的发式；她梳的是高卷式发型她梳的是高卷式发型，甚至包括她说话的声调和她选择的发式她梳的是高卷式发型，淡褐色的头发从前额向后紧紧地卷过去用一根光亮的头绳盘绕在头顶上那是一个凡事都严肃认真的年代，的头绳盘绕在头顶上。

Tones greatly enrich the amount of syllabics,this is important for expend expression measure of phonics,and have effect on differentiate phonics.

中文摘要：在汉语中，声调具有区别意义的作用，对于听障儿童来说，四种声调的掌握是语言康复训练的一大障碍。

First , a syllable-based Taiwanese speech recognition system was implemented. And the effect on the recognition performance of the syllable with entering tone was carefully exiamined. Based on the linguistics knowledge, the syllable with entering tone in database was re-labeled according to the tone sandhi of Taiwanese in order to improve the recognition rate. In addition, Kullback Leibler distance between the acoustic model before and after re-labeling was examined to verify the linguistics knowledge.

在论文中首先针对台语语音特性入声调的部份深入研究，我们由confusion matrix去分析入声调对辨识系统的影响性，且根据语言学上的知识修改文字拼音资料库，使得训练出来的声学模型更为可靠，进而提升辨识率；并利用Kullback Leibler distance去观察声学模型在修改前与修改后之间的差异。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。