堆石

In the foreground sits a cairn of red-brown volcanic stones, likely built by tourists.

最为显著的景观是堆石界标是由红褐色的火山岩石群，它们很可能是旅游者修建的。

In the 6th century, Hipparchos, the son of Pisistratus replaced the cairns that marked the midway point between each village deme at the central agora of Athens with a square or rectangular pillar of stone or bronze topped by a bust of Hermes usually with a beard; an erect phallus rose from the base.

在第六世纪，希帕西斯，皮西塔特斯的儿子，取代了堆石界标，标志着雅典城中心市场与每个乡村市区之间的中途指向，连同着正方形或者矩形的石头或铜柱子，顶部是赫密士的半身像，通常是长着胡子，一条直立的阴茎从底部升起来。

The research features in this paper are as follows: considering rockfills orthotropy in seepage analysis for CFRD, introducing E-B constitutive model into general software, founding the coupling analysis model of seepage field and stress field based on FEM.

本文的研究特色在于：在面板堆石坝渗流分析中考虑了堆石体的渗透正交异性；在通用有限元软件中实现了E-B本构模型的二次开发；建立了面板堆石坝渗流场与应力场耦合分析的有限元计算模型。

The paper calculates and analyses an coupling oscillating mode trait of chute -flow-dam body and the dynamic stability of the chute of overfall concrete face rockfill dam by using ANSYS finite element software and the theory of fluid-solid coupling.

采用ANSYS有限元软件和流—固耦合理论[1，2]，计算、分析了溢流混凝土面板堆石坝的泄槽—水流—坝体的耦合振动模态特性和泄槽动力稳定性，同时应用随机振动理论对脉动压力作用下的泄槽及地基的动力响应作出了定量估算，与原来的双渐方法的结果进行了比较，验证了计算结果的合理性，进而分析了坝体动弹模和堆石厚度对系统动力特性的影响。

It shows that the all physical mechanical index of small size spall satisfy the design demand except the grain composition.

通过对小粒径石料室内及现场试验研究，小粒径石料填筑混凝土面板坝堆石体的应力应变分析以及大坝变形观测分析，认为，小粒径石料的物理力学性能指标除了级配不满足设计规范外，其他指标均满足设计要求。

The dam body construction working procedure relates the construction cost of dam The research indicated Counter-construction is good to the strain of CFRD The research indicated the distribution of primary and secondary stone body is important to cost of dam the secondary stone body relate with the strain of dan when dam withstand the pressure of water Work in this thesis will play a active role in the research on CFRD.

坝体的施工工序关系到大坝的施工成本和坝体变形状况，通过对面板堆石坝堆石体施工方法的探讨，得出反抬法施工对避免面板堆石坝不协调变形有积极作用。面板堆石坝的结构分区也是影响面板堆石坝工程造价的一个重要考虑因素，结构分区的重点研究是次堆石区的分布范围。结合水布垭面板堆石坝的研究表明次堆石区的材料对面板堆石坝蓄水有比较大的影响。

Compared with the conventional analytic methods, the author studies the feasibility that the elastic bearing model is used to simulate the boundary constraint condition of the enrockment.

引入弹性边界模型，对比传统分析中对边界约束的处理，研究用弹性边界来模拟堆石体边界约束条件的可行性；选用规则典型的坝体，研究面板堆石坝的面板及堆石体的应力应变规律，特别是周边缝的变形规律；分别讨论了岸坡坡比、坝前水深、坝高、河床底宽等几何参数对弹簧系数取值的影响，确定弹簧系数的取值范围，给出了可用于实际工程计算的最佳取值范围；以松山面板堆石坝作为工程实例，验证弹性边界模型的实用性，并为工程建设提供了一定的参考。

The osculating relation exists between rockfill fabric tensor and stress tensor, which have been proved theoretically in this paper. So creep mechanism and deformation law of rockfill can be gained from varying of fabric tensor. As a result creep mechanism of rockfill creep may be revealed from microcosmic view.

堆石体组构张量与应力张量和应变张量有密切的关系，从组构张量的变化可以导出堆石体的变形机理和规律，从而揭示堆石体材料流变变形的细观机理。

A rheologic model of rockfill is proposed, which can better reflect long-term deformation of the rockfill and is easy to determine parameters through feedback analysis.

针对高面板堆石坝的应力变形特性，分析了堆石体的流变机理，提出了一个能够反映堆石长期变形特性且易于通过反分析方法确定参数的堆石流变模型。

The temperature rise property of thermal insulation of rock-fill concrete is an important index to study the crack resistance property of the rock-fill concrete dam.

堆石混凝土的绝热温升性能是研究堆石混凝土大坝抗裂性能的重要指标。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。