基本不变量

The basic properties of the importance measure of the basic variable effect on the failure probability are discussed in this paper. Since the saddlepoint based line sampling method is independent of the distribution types of the random variables, and has the advantages of high accuracy and efficiency, this method is employed to estimate the defined importance measure.

文中分析了所定义基本变量对失效概率影响重要性测度的基本性质，并基于鞍点线抽样在求解可靠度时不受随机变量分布形式的限制及其效率和精度较高的优点，提出了求解该重要性测度的鞍点线抽样方法。

In presented method, the correlated variables are transformed into uncorrelated variables equivalently, and the performance functions in the correlated variables space are transformed into those in the equivalent uncorrelated variables space, in which the reliability sensitivity of the system failure probability with respect to the distribution parameters of the uncorrelated variables can be solved by the moment method for the uncorrelated variables. Finally the equivalent relationship between the correlated variables and the uncorrelated variables, the chain rule for derivative are employed to obtain the reliability sensitivity of the system failure probability with respect to the means of the correlated variables.

在所提的方法中，首先将相关变量空间等效转化为不相关变量空间，并将系统多个失效模式的功能函数转化为不相关变量空间的功能函数，进而利用矩方法得到多模式系统失效概率对不相关变量空间基本分布参数的灵敏度，最后利用相关变量空间与不相关变量空间的等价关系及复合函数求导法则，求得多模式系统失效概率对相关变量空间中变量均值的灵敏度。

This paper provides a method of variable integrity testing to detect the faults of software By checking the definition domain of the variable itself and the restriction condition of consistency between variables, we only need to determine the bound of each output data, rather than the exact value Although the output of testing case cannot be easily caught, this method can improve the efficiency of detecting faults Furthermore, the checking point is not limited to the final output place, but spreads over the reference places in the program code to key variables just like those at the checkpoints under debugging As a consequence, the testing becomes more precise

由于软件测试用例的输出部分很难确定，而通过测试变量自身的定义域和变量间的一致性约束关系，只需要确定输出值的范围而不用知道其确切的值，就可以提高了错误检测的效率同时，检测的范围不局限于程序最后的输出结果，而是散布在程序中的各个有意义的变量，正如调试过程中设置断点观察的那些变量，使得检测错误更加精准1 引言软件测试的本质在于针对要测试的内容确定一组测试用例[1] 测试用例分为输入和输出两部分功能测试和结构测试等基本的软件测试方法，都比较关心测试用例的输入部分定义域的确定，而对测试用例的输出部分考虑得较少例如，边界测试和等价类测试[2 ] 只考虑测试用

In this thesis, the virtual boundary integral equation is based on double layer potential with the virtual density to be determined on virtual boundary. Since this integral equation related to double layer potential only involves the computation of the normal derivative and second normal derivative of fundamental solution, the exponential integral function is not involved in it, so numerical computation for the exponential integral function is avoid.

本文则基于双层位势，引入虚拟矩密度函数来建立虚边界积分方程，并首先对时间变量进行解析积分，在虚、实边界上采用常单元和等额配点离散，该方程只涉及含基本解的法向导数及其二阶法向导数项的计算，对时间变量进行解析积分后，不会出现对指数积分函数的空间变量的积分计算。

Kolmogorov introduced the fundamental asymptotic invariant for a dynamical system, the entropy.

Kolmogorov 引入了动力系统的基本的渐近不变量，熵。

The main work and innovation1 In general , a image compression method has different effect to different image . Some are fit for image which has much high frequency . Some are fit for image which has much low frequency .This paper analysis the applicability of fractal algorithm . In this dissertation , an improved algorithum is given . The basic algorithum without eight change and the joint use of quantitative coding , The compression ratio and PSNR can be adjusted , and it can get more quickly speed of coding .2 To a group of exact fractal code , the decoding image can be any resolution .With this characteristic ,choose the proper domain block and range block,this paper get an algorithum which can get higher decoding PSNR and speed than the basic fractal algorithum.3 Give a new method to calculate the scale factor . The calculation of basic algorithum is complex and enormous . The factor of scale is an important variable of the basic algorithm. Now there are two methods to calculate the factor of scale .A new method was given to calculate the factor of scale. The calculation load and complexity are reduced by the new method. Compared with the basic algorithm , the method can reduce coding time.4 The basic fractal algorithum is based on the Collage theorem and contraction mapping theorem . A mathematic model based on basic fractal algorithum is given .

本文的主要工作及创新点主要包括以下几点：1一般情况下，一种图像压缩的方法对不同特点的图像，压缩效果会有所不同，本文利用分形压缩编码对不同特点的图像进行编码，分析了分形编码对不同图像的编码适用性，利用去掉8种变换的分形编码算法与简单的均匀量化编码方案相结合，得到了一种可以调节压缩比与解码质量的分形编码方案，该提高编码速度6倍以上。2分形编码的特点之一是分形解码的分辨率无关性，即对于一组分形编码可以将其解码到任意分辨率下，本文利用分形编码的这一特点，结合不同的量化编码方案，选择合适的定义域块与值域块及适当的编解码分辨率，得到了一种提高解码质量，编码速度提高12倍以上的加速算法。3比例因子是基本分形算法中的一个重要变量，目前有两种计算比例因子的方法，文中给出了一种新的求比例因子的方法，该方法简化了求比例因子的计算，从整体上减小了基本分形算法的计算量，简化了算法4分形压缩的数学基础是不动点定理与拼贴定理，本文根据基本的自动分形编码方法，建立数学模型对其进行推导，得到了用普通数学的极限理论解释分形编码的数学表达式，从而对由基本分形编码得到的解码图像中的像素点的值给出了确定的表达式。

Let x: M→S(superscript n+1)(n≥3) be a hypersurface in the (n+1)-dimensional unit sphere without umbilic points. Denote the Mbius metric, the Mbius form, the Blaschke form and the Mbius second fundamental form of x by G,Ф, A and B, repcectively, which are Mbius invariants in Mbius differential geometry.

设x： M→S(上标 n+1)(n≥3)是n+1-维单位球中的无脐点超曲面，Mbius不变量G，Ф，A和B分别表示x的Mbius度量，Mbius形式，Blaschke形式和Mbius第二基本形式。

Using the method of positive direction logic illation,finally the control connection between inflow in combustion section and resident time of waste in each furnace section is found.

分析了城市生活垃圾焚烧炉中关键的技术环节垃圾自动燃烧的控制过程，在此基础上提出了一种控制燃烧过程的智能控制方法，根据提取的影响焚烧过程的特征行为空间，分析了在不同种情况下行为提取算子，找到了以空气进气量和炉床运行速度为基本控制变量的控制基元组合。

In this paper,focusing on the symplectic manifolds,we discuss the Seiberg-Witteninvariants,some basic construction.the existence of symplectic forms,and the existenceof Riemannian metric of positive scalar curvature.

本文主要围绕辛流形，讨论其Seiberg-WItten不变量、辛流形的一些基本构造，辛形式的存在怀及其上是否存在具有正数量曲率的黎曼度量等问题而展开的。

Four main types of spatial binary links are investigated in details for kinematic synthesis both in precision-position synthesis and multi-position synthesis. In terms of the invariants of spherical curve and cylindrical curve, the mathematical models of adaptive fitting sphere and cylinder are constructed by means of the saddle-point programming.

再次，根据常见空间机构运动副组合的约束曲线与约束曲面的曲率理论，阐述了空间机构运动综合的基本要素及其不变量拟合理论与方法，研究了有限位置和多位置情况下，自适应综合方法在空间S-S、C-S、C-C和S-C四类二副杆组运动综合中的应用，实现了自适应综合方法从平面到空间的扩展。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。