基因

Therefore, an expansion of the inheritance model, such as linkage between two major genes, three major genes, three major genes plus polygenes, was developed in this paper.

在文献 1～ 4的基础上，拓展利用亲本和DH或RIL群体的 2对连锁主基因、2对连锁主基因+多基因、3对主基因和3对主基因+多基因 4类遗传模型。

Of the 32 articles, 4 were about the selection of destination genes, 3 about the selection of target cells, 7 about the selection of gene expression vector, 3 about the methods of gene transfer, 4 about gene therapy combined with tissue engineering in treating bone defect, 5 about polygenes in treating bone defects, and 2 about the problems and prospects in the gene therapy of bone defect.

符合纳入标准的32篇文献中，4篇涉及目的基因的选择，3篇涉及靶细胞的选择，7篇涉及基因表达载体的选择，3篇涉及基因转移方法，4篇涉及基因治疗与组织工程结合治疗骨缺损，5篇涉及多基因联合治疗骨缺损，2篇涉及骨缺损基因治疗存在的问题与展望。

One of these proteins is the 2,5-oligoadenylate synthetase which is activated by double-stranded RNA. Once activated,the enzyme polymerizes ATP to a series of 2,5-oligoadenylates(2-5A),and then 2-5A activates a latent endoribonuclease which degrades viral RNA.

本文利用2-5A基因和RNase L基因，通过中间载体pJIT163将2-5A基因和RNase L基因克隆到双元植物表达载体pBINplus上，分别构建了2-5A基因的植物表达载体pBIN2-5A和RNase L基因的植物表达载体pBINRL。

Selecting the better amplified from Diacylglycerol acyltransferase, gene, Acyl- desaturase gene ,then cloning sequencing, afer that, through the NCBI and nucleotide sequence to match homology , the results show that: cloning by the cassava, castor-oil plant Jatropha curcas DGAT and SAD genes and gene fragments have the high homology with other known plant DGAT genes and SAD genes .

从中筛选出扩增效果较好的二酰基甘油酰基转移酶(Diacylglycerol acyltransferase， DGAT)基因，硬脂酰-酰基载体蛋白脱饱和酶(Acyl- desaturase， SAD)基因克隆测序，经测序，通过NCBI与已知的核苷酸序列进行同源性比对，结果表明：克隆所获得的木薯、蓖麻和麻疯树 DGAT基因和SAD基因的片段与其它已知植物的DGAT基因和SAD基因具有很高的同源性。

Selecting the better amplified from Diacylglycerol acyltransferase, gene, Acyl- desaturase gene ,then cloning sequencing, afer that, through the NCBI and nucleotide sequence to match homology , the results show that: cloning by the cassava, castor-oil plant Jatropha curcas DGAT and SAD genes and gene fragments have the high homology with other known plant DGAT genes and SAD genes .

从中筛选出扩增效果较好的二基甘油基转移(Diacylglycerol acyltransferase， DGAT)基因，硬脂-基载体蛋白脱饱和(Acyl- desaturase， SAD)基因克隆测序，经测序，通过NCBI与已知的核酸序列进行同源性比对，结果表明：克隆所获得的木薯、蓖麻和麻疯树 DGAT基因和SAD基因的片段与其它已知植物的DGAT基因和SAD基因具有很高的同源性。

For the purpose of constructing mammary gland specific expressional vector, we use the updream regulation sequence of bovine BLG to regulate lacS gene to express in mammary gland. Positive clone cells are selected and purified by the expression Neo gene and report gene EGFP. So the cells can be used as sources to create transgenic animals by nuclear transfer techniques.

本研究以牛β-乳球蛋白基因上游调控成分作为启动子，嗜热菌糖苷酶基因lacS为目的基因，构建了lacS基因乳腺特异表达载体，并通过脂质体介导法转染体外培养的牛胎儿成纤维细胞，借助新霉素抗性基因和增强型绿色荧光蛋白报告基因来筛选、纯化阳性克隆细胞，为利用核移植技术制备转基因动物提供细胞来源。

Construct PLXRN-IL-1Ra and PLXRN-IL-10 vector, lapine synoviocytes were first transduced in culture by retroviral infection. The genetically modified synovial cells were then transplanted by intra-articular injection into the knee joints, assay of joint lavages confirmed that the gene expression was not lost after 14 days of transfer. Knees receiving the hIL-1Ra had significantly reduced cartilage breakdown. Delivery of the hIL-10 was less effective, When both genes were used together, there was a greater inhibition of cartilage breakdown and a considerable reduction of cartilage matrix degradation.

构建PLXRN-IL-1Ra、PLXRN-IL-10逆转录病毒载体，体外感染同种异体原代滑膜细胞，接着将转染了外源基因的滑膜细胞行关节腔注射入创伤性骨关节炎兔膝关节，通过对关节滑液的ELISA分析证明外源基因的表达在基因转移后14天还很稳定，只接受hIL-1Ra基因治疗的膝关节软骨损坏明显减轻，接受hIL-10基因治疗的膝关节治疗也有一定效果，当两种基因同时导入时，有非常明显的抑制软骨破坏和软骨基质降解的作用。

The genetic study suggested that the carbendazim-resistance in these mutants could be steadily inherited by asexual and selfed reproduction, and the resistance was controlled by the same single major gene both in laboratory mutants and field resistant isolates, the different levels of resistance or the same resistant level in different strains maybe conferred by mutations at different sites or one site with different allelic mutations. The gene compensates for the sensitivity to MDPC was allelic to that governs the carbendazim resistance, but the mutation for increasing sensitivity to MDPC in this gene could get the pathogen highly resistant to carbendazim.

抗药性遗传研究表明，在所研究的抗药突变体中，抗药性在自交和无性繁殖后代中能稳定遗传；室內抗药突变体和田间抗药菌株对多菌灵的抗药性由同一个主效基因控制，但它们发生突变的位点不同或者同一碱基位点发生了不同的突变；对MDPC的敏感性也是由单个基因控制的，该基因与控制多菌灵抗性的基因是等位基因，当该基因发生对MDPC的敏感性增加的突变时会使病菌对多菌灵产生高水平抗性。

The result shows that in hybrid progenies the bar gene and Xa21 gene co-inherited and co-expressed, respectively.

实验结果表明，在杂交后代中选择标记基因bar基因和gus基因分别与抗性基因Cry1Ab基因和Xa21基因紧密连锁并协同表达。

Northern blotting analysis indicated that 5 genes, nitrate transporter gene, nitrite reductase gene, ammonium transporter gene, ATP-binding cassette transporter gene, and purine permease gene, were significantly up-regulated under nitrogen starvation.

Northern blotting验证其中5个基因，包括硝酸盐转运蛋白基因、铁氧化还原蛋白亚硝酸还原酶基因、铵盐转运蛋白基因、结合ATP盒的转运蛋白基因和嘌呤透过酶基因，在缺氮诱导条件下转录水平有明显上调。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。