地理

This article is on City Historical Geography of Bengbu and its relativecontents has conducted the research and the discussion.

本文对1978年以前的蚌埠城市历史地理的相关内容进行了研究和探讨，内容包括蚌埠城市兴起的历史地理基础、近现代城市形成、发展与地理环境的互动关系、近现代城市空间形态的发展演变以及对近现代城市化规律的总结。

This article detailedly expatiated upon the principles, contents and methods of cropland classification; it analyzed the necessity to combine the work of cropland classification with GIS technology, summarized the attributions of ARC/INFOand some other related softwares; it established the technologic route of cropland classification supported by GIS, by a case study in Liwu Town,Li County Hebei Province, this article expatiated the practicable mechanism of combining the function of ARC/INFO with the work of cropland classification, and put forward some new ideas and approaches of utilizing GIS: this paper put forward the idea of coding the polygons in the basic graphic database such as soil map and land use map according to their attributes, and put forward the detailed coding project; based on the code databases, it expatiated upon the detailed approaches to create single梖actor map and output the final classification map; it put forward the principles and the method of creating classification units in the environment of GIS, that is how to keep the lines of soil polygon, the border of districts and the important objects such as residential areas, banks of rivers and roads ,and how to overlap single梖actor soil map and land use map, and to delete some vector lines of the overlapped map appropriately; it detailed the methods of creating mathematic model of classification coefficients in the environment of computer, and used FOXPRO6.0 programs to realize the automation of calculating coefficients; it represented the method of plotting the final map by overlapping various coverages according to the code tables and lookup tables, the process of outputting the cropland classifying map was finished by program.

本文法对耕地等别划分的原则、内容及方法作了较详细的阐述，介绍了多系数综合修正法的耕地等别计算方法及其具体应用和AHP的确权方法；分析了耕地等别划分工作与地理信息系统技术相结合的必要性，简要介绍了地理信息系统软件ARC／INFO及其他相关软件的功能特点，制定了地理信息系统支持下耕地等别划分的技术路线，通过对河北省蠡县蠡吾镇的实证研究，重点阐述了ARC／INFO及相关数据库软件与耕地等别划分结合的有效机制及GIS应用的一些新思想、新方法：提山了对土壤图和土地利用现状图等基础图形数据库进行特征编码的思想和具体的编码方案，阐述了基于与图形库相链接的特征编码表，单因素图提取、成果图的输出的具体实现方法；提出了GIS环境下耕地单元划分的原则和方法，即在保留土壤因素图斑界线、行政界线和重要地物等的原则下，将土壤单因素图和土地利用现状图进行拓扑叠加，对叠加图中的矢量线进行适当的删除；阐述了在计算机环境下，耕地分等参数计算模型建立的方法，并用FOXPRO6.0语言程序实现了参数计算的自动化；阐述了根据图形库特征编码表和建立绘图符号查找表，按不同图层叠加绘制成果图的方法，该过程用命令程序实现耕地等别图的输出。

As a special plan, it is highly summarized the basis for mapping the city's main achievements in recent years, pointing out the current development trend of the information age, and from the organization, financial, technical, security and other aspects of proposed safeguards, in order to Hebi City the completion of the socialist market economic system and practical basis for mapping the local management system and operational mechanism to achieve 1:5000 digital topographic map of the city's coverage, 1:2000,1:1000 and 1:500 scale digital topographic map series covering the key areas and the current trend of dynamic, fast updates, and built municipal basic geographic information and data systems and their transmission network system, and build e-government improve the Hebi City-based natural resources and spatial geographic information database, to build "digital Hebi" geo-spatial information infrastructure framework, and can basically meet the economic and social development of basic surveying and mapping needs of protection and support.

作为专项规划，它高度总结了该市基础测绘工作近年来所取得的主要成就，指明了当今信息化时代的发展趋势，并从组织、财力、技术、安全等方面提出了保障措施，为鹤壁市建成适应社会主义市场经济体制和本地实际的基础测绘管理体制和运行机制，实现1：5000数字化地形图的全市覆盖，1：2000、1：1000及1：500数字化系列比例尺地形图的重点区域覆盖和现势性动态快速更新，建成市级基础地理信息数据体系及其传输网络体系，建成完善鹤壁市电子政务自然资源与空间地理基础信息库，构建"数字鹤壁"地理空间信息基础框架，以及基本满足国民经济和社会发展对基础测绘的需求提供了保障和支撑。

You must steel your self for an ordeal: aside from studying physical geography, economic geography and historical geography, you will have to study anthropology and archaeology, and enter even further into dialectology.

你要下决心吃苦，除了自然地理、经济地理、历史地理，你还要学习人类学和考古学，你要把你学过的那些方言知识搞得更深入。

Based on starus quo of geography education,we have put forward efficient approaches to disinter culture resourcd of regional geography and optimize condition in geor graphy class So this paper has done beneficial research arter quality education

立足当前地理教育的现状，提出了发掘区域地理文化资源，优化地理课堂教学情境的有效途径，为在新形势下实施素质教育做出了有益的探索

Yiyang city, the project relies on basic geographic information and data, integrating processing, extraction transportation, water systems, residential areas, as part of state and other government applications, and the community with the closely related elements of the contents of the expansion of geographical names / address data, information technology-oriented requirements and the various departments needs arising from restructuring, development of network-based geographic information system, public services, the formation of Yiyang City unique, authoritative, universal coverage of the city's domain, multi-scale seamless integration of geographic information common platform.

项目依托益阳市基础地理信息数据，整合加工，提取交通、水系、居民地、境界等一部分与政务应用和社会应用紧密相关的要素内容，扩充地名/地址数据，进行面向信息化要求和各部门需求的数据重组，开发网络化的地理信息公共服务系统，形成益阳市唯一的、权威的、通用的覆盖全市域、多尺度无缝集成的地理信息公共平台。

One study of more historical population, geography, urban history and geography and history of economic geography and so on.

其中研究较多的是历史人口地理、城市历史地理和历史经济地理等。

This paper briefly reviews the development course of the geographical information system, emphatic

本文简要回顾了地理信息系统的发展历程，着重阐述了组件式地理信息系统的发展趋势，提出了公路地理信息系统的框架结构，并进行了公路数据库的设计。

Studying on it, can make us comprehend the district geography of the Song Dynasty more roundly, can help us to deeply understand the administrative territory measures taken by the Song government basing on the superstructure, and ulteriorly apprehend the administrative, ethnologic, economic policies of the Song government.

考察宋代广南东路政区地理，可以使我们对宋代政区地理，甚至农耕文化时代地理有更为全面的看法，有助于全面了解广南东路地区的经济条件、交通状况、民族情况，有助于全面了解宋政府从上层建筑出发实施的种种行政区划措施，从而更为深刻地理解宋朝的行政原则、民族政策、经济财政政策。

Studying on it, can make us comprehend the district geography of the Song Dynasty more roundly, can help to comprehend the status of economy, traffic and nationality on Chuanxiasilu, can help deeply understand the administrative territory measures taken by the Song government basing on the superstructure, and ulteriorly apprehend the administrative, ethnologic, economic policies of the Song government.

考察宋代川峡政区地理，可以使我们对宋代政区地理，甚至农耕文化时代政区地理有更为全面的看法；有助于全面了解川峡地区的经济条件、交通状况、民族情况；有助于全面了解宋政府从上层建筑出发实施的种种行政区划措施，从而更为深刻的理解宋朝的行政原则、民族政策、经济财政政策。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。