地方分权

Based on the findings and some advanced experience from developed countries, this paper gives out some policy advice. For instance, the central government should set the elementary education fiscal investment as a fixed proportion to local GDP; the provinces with population outflow should get some inter-governmental grants to encourage the development of local elementary education. In the trend of fiscal decentralization, this paper is trying to figure out a trade off between the efficiency and the fairness of elementary education.

在此基础上，本文通过借鉴发达国家对于基础教育财政投入的经验，提出了设定基础教育财政占地方GDP的比例，根据人口流动特征对人口流出省进行基础教育经费补贴等政策性建议，以期能够探索性地提出一些政策思路，力图在教育财政分权的过程中，在基础教育的办学效率和公平之间找到一种更为有效的平衡。

This paper explain transition in region economic development pattern in term of horizontal competition among local governments.we argue that fiscal decentralization from central to local government give rise to profit-seeking behavior of government .

本文尝试从地方政府横向之间竞争的角度来解释区域经济发展模式转轨的过程。基本思路是这样的：由于各级政府广泛存在的财政分权制度，导致了逐利性政府的形成，由于资源的稀缺性，地方政府之间会产生激烈的竞争。

In terms of administration system, under the centralized administration system, the local governments' administrative authority is very limited; from the point view of economic administration right division, as the organizer and regulator of regional economy, local governments are unable to enjoy the proper rights and interests of State-owned asset owners, the tax income division regulations are incomplete, and there is the shortage of credit bodies. Although the central government and the local governments are both State-owned asset investors, yet the central government should possess ultimate ownership. It is necessary to properly divide their property rights and particularly important to clearly define the rights and responsibilities of central government and local governments.

从行政体制看，在中央集权形式下地方所拥有的行政性权力非常有限；从经济管理分权看，地方政府作为区域性经济组织和管理者，利益主体残缺，分税制不完全，信用主体缺失；从国有资产出资人角度看，中央政府与地方政府同为国有资产出资人主体，但中央政府拥有终极所有权，合理划分各自的产权，并明确界定中央和地方政府的权利和责任变得尤其重要，也是国有资产市场化委托代理的重要环节。

Local bonds release in overseas has the universality. No matter in the sole system country with highly degree of financial centralization, such as Japan and France, or in the federal system country with implementing the financial decentralization, such as the US, Canada and some developing countries, like Latin America and so on, the local loan occupies the important position in its financial revenue and the bond system.

地方债券的发行在国外具有普遍性，无论是财政集权程度较高的单一制国家，如日本、法国，还是实行财政分权的联邦制国家，如美国、加拿大，或是一些发展中国家，如拉丁美洲等，地方公债均在其财政收入和公债体系中占据重要地位。

Initial Purposes and Significance of ResearchSince our country carried on the regionalistic reform, the competition between governments (including the competition between central government and local government and the competition between local governments ) has already become the irrefutable fact.

摘要一、论文研究的动因我国进行分权改革以来，地方政府相对于中央政府的独立利益得到承认和章显。地方政府出于自身利益考虑而进行的制度创新一方面促进了经济转型的进程，另一方面导致诸如地方保护主义、地方越权减免税等混乱局面，虽然中央也曾明令禁止，但由于没有找到治乱根源，而是对各种非规范行为进行直接的行政禁止，收效欠佳。

The core of the plan is the decentralisation of the state, giving Serbian areas much autonomy.

该计划的核心内容是科索沃的地方分权制度--让科索沃内塞尔维亚人居住各地区拥有足够的自治权。

And that decentralisation has produced impressive local leaders, some of whom may aspire to the national stage.

地方分权使许多当地政坛领袖脱颖而出，而他们怀揣着登上全国舞台的志向。

The Chief Minister is talking about decentralisation and wanting to empower local communities.

分权-首席部长正在谈论分权并想要给地方社区赋权。

Decentralisation throughout the Sahel has introduced a radical new agenda involving civil society in areas traditionally controlled by government.

萨赫勒地区的地方分权运动已经引入了一个全新的议程，它涉及领域包括之前由政府控制的民间团体。

This flawed framework needs to be replaced with one which reflects the reality of a diverse, decentralised country.

因此，现在必须以一个能更适应阿富汗多民族特点的地方分权制度来代替现有的存在缺陷的政权体制。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。