在适宜条件下

The results show that this strain was a typical acidophile with optimal growth pH being 2.0 for hypha and pH 3.0-4.0 for the spore germination. Peptone was the most suitable nitrogen source which helped produce xylanase induced by xylan during stationary phase. The resultant xylanase reacted best at 50℃-55℃ and pH 3.5, and had activities 70% after 60 min maintenance under optimum reaction conditions.

结果表明：实验菌株嗜酸，菌丝生长最适pH为2.0，孢子萌发生长适宜pH为3.0-4.0；木聚糖诱导菌体在生长稳定期大量产生木聚糖酶，蛋白胨是菌体产酶的适宜氮源；菌株所产木聚糖酶属于酸性木聚糖酶，反应最适pH3.5、最适温度50℃-55℃，在最适反应条件下保温60min，残余酶活仍接近70%，适用于较强酸性的高温加工环境。

The main research work of this paper are focused on following areas:(1) Based on review of the theory and methods on measurements of particle fields, a new idea for obtaining particle size and velocity distribution within a spray through imaging the particle field with a laser light sheet was put forward;(2) A DPIV (Digital Particle Image Velocimetry) system, is fit for velocity measurements of low speed flows, was developed and expended to particle size distribution measurement;(3) An arithmetic for particle velocity field reconstruction was developed, and the velocity distribution of water mist was also obtained;(4) A software system for particle analysis, which based on image geometry emend, de-noise and image partition was developed, the parameters such as particle size distribution, mean diameter, number of particles, minimum and maximum diameter can be got with this system;(5) A water mist system was developed and its characteristics, such as droplet velocity, size distribution, number of droplets and spray cone angle under different conditions were obtained from experiments with PIVS;(6) The measurement results of water mist characteristics with PIVS were compared and analyzed with the simply simulated results, and in addition, in order to verify the accuracy of PIVS, some experiments were conducted with the standard particles, such as glass-ball with known mean diameter of 50μm and 115μm, metallic coated tracing particle with mean diameter of 12μm;(7) Some experimental studies on interaction of water mist with liquid pool fires were conducted.

本论文的主要工作包括以下几个方面：（1）在对粒子场测量的相关理论和具体方法进行综述分析的基础上，提出了通过采用激光片光对粒子场进行成像以获取其粒径和速度等参数分布的新思路；（2）研制了适宜于低速流动速度场测量的DPIV(Digital Particle Image Velocimetry)系统，并使其实现了对粒子场粒径分布的测量功能；（3）研制了基于粒子运动轨迹的速度场重建算法，获取了细水雾雾场的速度分布；（4）研制了基于几何校正、去噪、图象分割等图象处理方法的"粒度分析软件系统"，该系统既可分析给出粒子场的粒径分布直方图和平均粒径，还可给出粒子的数目以及最大、最小粒径等信息；（5）建立了一细水雾发生系统，并应用上述方法对不同压力条件下细水雾系统的雾场特性（如速度分布、雾滴粒径分布、雾滴的数目、喷雾张角以及雾化长度等）进行了实验测量研究；（6）对细水雾特性参数的PIVS测量结果与计算机简单模拟计算结果进行了定性比较分析，并利用平均粒径为50μm和115μm的玻璃球以及12μm的标准示踪粒子对PIVS系统的粒径和速度测量结果进行了实验验证，同时对其局限性进行了分析讨论；（7）对不同工况条件下细水雾与油池火相互作用的过程进行了模拟实验研究。

From the results obtained in the study, the following conclusions can be made:The methylene blue and spectrophotometer method can capture the free radicals generated successfully. This is an effective way to measuring the free radicals quantitatively in cavitation, moreover it is easy to fulfill.The intensity of cavitation increases with reduction in the cavitation number. But the different mechanism of various enhancive processes (chemical and physical processes) results in different effect by cavitation number.The effect of operating parameters, such as inlet pressure, temperature and time on cavitation indicate that optimum operating conditions exist at the cavitation enhancive effect is maximum.It is important to optimize the structure of hydrodynamic cavitation reactor for achieving a desired effect. A reasonable geometric parameter can promote the enhancive effect for a fixed hydrodynamic condition.Ventilating appropriate gas to cavitating flow can increase cavitational intensity and hence promote the enhancive effect of hydrodynamic cavitation.

研究结果表明：亚甲基蓝分光光度计法，能够成功地捕捉到水力空化产生的羟自由基，是定量检测空化自由基简便易行的有效方法；空化程度随空化数的减小而增强，但对于不同的强化过程，因其强化机理不同，故空化数对强化效应的影响也不同；水力空化系统的压力、温度及时间等操作参数对空化强化效应的影响规律表明：在适宜的操作条件下可产生最佳的空化强化效果；空化发生器结构的优化设计是保证空化强化效应的重要前提，在一定的水力学条件下，合理的结构尺寸可以增强空化作用效果：往水流中适量加入干扰气体能够提高空化强度，增强空化强化效果。

B Of the six basic media MS, MS1/2 (half-strength of MS salts and vitamins), WPM, DKW, B5 and SH, MS1/2 was the most proper one to induce somatic embryos. Somatic embryos generally regenerated directly from excised zygotic cotyledons. PGRs combination affected somatic embryogenesis significantly. Medium with NAA 1mg/L, TDZ 0.05mg/L, IBA 2—10mg/L combined with BA 10mg/L, or IBA 10mg/L integrated with BA 0-2mg/L gave the highest induction rate. Excised zygotic hypocotyls had the strongest potential to produce callus. Callus induction was also affected significantly by media and PGRs. The proper callus induction condition was MS1/2 medium containing NAA 1mg/L, IBA 10mg/L, BA 2-5mg/L and TDZ 0.05mg/L. Harvest period affect somatic embryogenesis significantly. Zygotic embryo explants collected from the end of July to the middle of August had strong potential to generate somatic embryos, when endosperm finished solidification, different parts of the embryos were completely formed, the size of embryos occupied about 2/3 of the embryo sac. Provided with optimized conditions, direct somatic embryogenesis rate can attain to 33. 68%, and callus induction rate of hypocotyls was up to 90.7%. Cytological observation on megasporogenesis and zygotic embryogenesis of Manchurian ash showed that the ovary was twicarpellum, twilocular with two ovules each loculus. The ovule was tenuinucellar and anatropous, with one megasporcocyte. The development of embryo sac is of the Polygoum type.

体细胞胚胎发生研究的结果表明：(1)成熟过程中的合子胚是诱导水曲柳体细胞胚胎发生的最佳外植体材料；(2)在所试验到的MS、MS1/2（将MS的所有成分均减半）、WPM、DKW、B〓、SH等六种基本培养基中，MS1/2是最适合诱导水曲柳体细胞胚胎发生的基本培养基；(3)水曲柳的体细胞胚胎发生以直接发生为主，体细胞胚主要来自于从合子胚分离的完整子叶；(4)培养基中的激素组合对水曲柳的体细胞胚胎发生有显著影响，诱导直接体细胞胚发生较好的激素组合有NAA 1mg/L+IBA 2，5，10mg/L+BA 10mg/L+TDZ 0.05mg/L和NAA 1mg/L+IBA 10mg/L+BA 0，2mg/L+TDZ 0.05mg/L；(5)合子胚分离的下胚轴具有最强的愈伤组织诱导潜力，少数愈伤组织可以分化出体细胞胚；(6)愈伤组织的诱导也受培养基和激素配比的显著影响，最适宜诱导的培养条件为MS1/2+NAA 1mg/L+IBA 10mg/L+BA 2，5mg/L+TDZ0.05mg/L；(7)采种时间对体细胞胚胎发生有显著影响。7月末到8月中旬的合子胚具有较强的体细胞胚发生潜力，此时种子尚未成熟，胚乳已呈固态，种胚的各个部分已分化完全，种胚体积占胚腔的大约2/3；(8)在各自综合的最适条件下，完整子叶的体细胞胚诱导率可达33.68%，下胚轴的愈伤组织诱导率可达90.7%。

The optimum reaction conditions were found finally. The results showed that the suitable conditions are under methanol solvent reaction temperature 40℃,the concentration of catalyzer TS-1 0.6%.,reaction time 60 minutes,propylene pressure 0.4Mpa under methanol solvent.Under Supercritical fluid system,the reaction temperature was 33.7℃(supercritical and near critical temperature),the reaction pressure was 7.58Mpa(near critical pressure and critical pressure range. propylene ), propylene pressure 0.65Mpa, reaction time 45min, cosolvent molality 4%.

而超临界体系下反(来源：4e56ABC论文网www.abclunwen.com)应温度适宜在近超临界和临界温度(33.7℃)以上，反应压力也是接近临界压力或者处于临界压力范围(7.58Mpa)，丙烯压力是0.65Mpa，反应时间45min，共溶剂甲醇摩尔浓度4%，在此反应条件下，反应的转化率98%，选择性96%，收率94%，与传统条件相比较，收率提高了20%左右。

Low temperature significantly prolonged fruit storage life,delayed the total sugar,total acid and V_C content loss.Between 2 ℃ and 12 ℃,the lower the storage temperature,the better preservation effect.The best storage temperature of wampee was 2-4 ℃. MAP storage could delay the!quality loss of wampee.0.025 mm polyethylene film with the packing capacity of 5.4 kg·m~(-2) were recommended.

结果表明，常温下黄皮果实贮藏期短，常温贮藏3 d后，好果率低于75%；低温能明显延长果实的贮藏期，延缓果实的糖、酸和VC含量的下降；在2-12 ℃间，贮藏温度越低，保鲜效果越好，适宜的贮藏温度为2-4 ℃；采用MAP保鲜技术能延缓果实品质的下降，在2-4 ℃下大鸡心黄皮MAP保鲜的适宜条件是采用0.025 mm的PE膜包装，装果量为5.4 kg·m-2。

According to this studies, the optimal feeding frequency increased with the increase of body weight, viz. 2 times per day for seedling and 4 times per day for mature Sparus macrocephalus.

3在本试验条件下，适宜饲喂频率随着黑鲷鱼体重的增加而提高，黑鲷鱼种的适宜饲喂频率为2次／d，黑鲷成鱼的适宜饲喂频率为4次／d。

To dissect single cells promising to culture from tissues, we researched the time of hydrolyzation of the tissues by tryposin, the result showed that the optimum time of hydrolyzation of the tissues was 5~10min when pretreated with 0.25% tryposin under the optimum conditions of pH8.0 at 37 C.We cultured four tissues: embryo at mediat-anaphase, head of high-age nymphae, spermary and ovary of adult.

组织块分离出来后，为了能获得单个的、有培养前景的细胞，本实验又研究了低浓度的胰蛋白酶在其最适温度和最适pH条件下，获得分离程度适宜的组织块的不同酶解时间，结果0.25％的胰蛋白酶在37℃、pH8.0的条件下酶解组织块的最适时间是5～10min。

The results indicated that applying 105kg/hm2 nitrogen and 75kg/hm2 phosphorus fertilizer is the most economic and rational; applying 45000kg/hm2 farm manure with phosphorus as base fertilizer, two thirds nitrogen as seed manure and one third nitrogen as topdressing is more economic and rational;the best planting density is 67500 zhu/hm2, the transplanting style after growing seedlings in small arch greenhouse in early spring and the multiple cropping style after rape stubble should be extended over large areas, the multiple cropping style after wheat stubble should be extended in the southern rivers rigions of this locality.

在陇东旱作条件下，通过对&庆甜1号&进行肥效、密度及分期栽培等试验，正常条件下施N 105kg/hm2、P2O5 75kg/hm2是地膜覆盖种植&庆甜1号&经济合理的氮、磷施用量；45000 kg/hm2农家肥和磷肥一次性基施、氮肥的2/3作种肥，1/3作追肥施用较为经济合理；最佳种植密度为67500株/hm2；早春小拱棚育苗移栽和油菜茬复种两种种植模式宜在当地大面积推广，麦茬复种适宜在当地南部川道地区示范推广。

Turfgrasses have a seasonal cycle: they grow quickly when conditions are favorable—for cool-weather species like Kentucky bluegrass, this is in spring, while for warm-weather species like Bermuda grass it's in summer—and then they slow down.

草坪草种有四季循环，它们在适宜的条件下生长迅速――对于寒季草种如肯塔基蓝草来说春天最适宜，而对于温暖季节的草种如百慕大草是夏季。随后它们生长缓慢。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。