土

In this investigation, the compression behavior of COx argillite with two different grain size distributions, which were obtained by two different crush procedures, was studied by running 1D compression tests with several loading-unloading cycles.

通过开展一维压缩试验，研究2种不同粉碎工艺下获得的粗／细COx土样的压缩特性，结果表明：压缩曲线受粒度成分的影响非常明显，为获得同等压实度，细粒土所需的压实功能较粗粒土高，除此之外，细粒土的压缩指数也高于粗粒土，表现出较强的压缩性；随着土样压实密度的增加，粗／细土样的压缩曲线逐渐靠拢，粒度成分对压实功能影响逐渐减弱；土样卸荷时回弹指数随干密度的增加而增加，受粒度成分的影响不明显；高压实ρ(下标 d=2.0g/立方公分粗粒土样在7 MPa的轴向应力下饱和时，体积发生明显的塌陷现象，饱和后土样的压缩指数小于饱和前，而回弹指数则较饱和前高。

With the engineering data , the strut frame made of composed soil nails is analyzed with the program ababqus , and the effects of the distortion characters , the property of the deposition of the ground , the mechanical property of the soil nails , the variation of the length and the separation of the soil nails , and the diametric of the mixing piles on the strut frame made of composed soil nails , and the distortion property of the strut frame made of composed soil nails under different ground conditions

在总结前人的研究成果下，针对复合土钉墙构造的特点，建立了模拟复合土钉墙受力变形的计算模型，并结合工程实测资料，运用大型通用有限元程序ababqus对复合土钉墙进行了有限元分析，详细讨论了复合土钉支护结构开挖过程中的变形特性、地面沉降性状、土钉受力性状；土钉长度变化、土钉间距变化、搅拌桩桩径变化对复合土钉支护结构的影响；复合土钉支护结构在不同地基条件下的变形特性。

He visited there often and produced considerable works covering various aspects of the Earth Buildings, such as the landscape series: the Sunset, the Dawn, Old Earth Building, Anticipation, the "Potala Palace", Square Earth Building,the Autumn, the Spring Morning, Elapse of Time,A Corner;the life scene series: Well, Turkey, Drying the Tobacco Leaves, Knitting, Harvest, Weighing the Tobacco Leaves; still life series: Tea-grinding Machine,, Inextinguishable Stars, Air-dried Bamboo Shoots, Red Cupboard, Kitchen Range, Slack Season etc..

周榕清常去闽西南一带收集土楼风情素材，多年来创作了数量可观的作品而且内容是全方位的，有风景如：油画《夕照土楼》、《土楼晨曦》、《土楼遗韵》、《盼》、《土楼布达拉宫》、《方土楼城》等以及漆画《土楼秋色》、《土楼春晓》、《源远流长》、《土楼一角》等；有生活场景如：油画《老井》、《火鸡》、《晒烟叶》、《织毛线》、《丰收》、《称烟叶》等；有静物如：油画《磨茶机》、《扬谷机》、《红星不灭》、《笋干系列》和漆画《红柜子》、《老灶》、《农闲》等。

Based on the principle of variation of earth pressures on the culverts under different conditions, including topography, span of culvert, density of fill and the type of structure, and the property of arching action above the culvert, a nonlinear earth pressure theory for culverts beneath high fill is presented, the theory suggests the earth pressure on the culverts beneath high fill can be calculated with the formula σ=ξγH〓 as the fill up to higher height.

把这种方法与其它地下洞室的土压力计算理论进行的对比分析结果表明，非线性土压力理论考虑了填土达到一定高度时在涵洞上方产生的拱效应以及土拱的不稳定性特点，其计算的土压力明显低于不考虑拱效应的低填方涵洞土压力计算值，但高于具有稳定土拱效应的地下洞室土压力理论得到的土压力。

The test results show the principle of variation of pressures on culverts beneath high fill is similar, it is that, even if the embankment is filled up to a higher height, the earth pressures can still partly transfer to the top of culvert, as a result the pressures on the culvert increase nonlinearly with the variation of height of fill and further the pressures are obviously lower than theoretical value by σ=γH.

模型试验和数值模拟计算结果表明，当填土达到一定高度后，高填方涵洞上方将产生明显的拱效应，但由于涵洞填土为破碎的岩土，其拱效应与岩石中开挖洞室上方的拱效应不同，高填方涵洞上方填土产生的"土拱"效应具有不稳定的特点，表现为随着填土高度的增加仍有部分土压力传递到涵洞上，涵顶土压力随填土高度成非线性增加。

Through investigation on the Eh values of cinnamon soil,sierozem,brown desert soil in situ with new electrochemical methods and summarization of the same results of laterite,red soil and yellow brown soil,a horizontal zonal variation of oxidation-reduction characteristics in semi-humid,semiarid and arid areas from south China to north China is revealed.

用新的电化学方法原位考察了褐土、灰钙土、棕漠土、黑土、风沙土、灌淤土、盐土、碱土、亚高山草甸土、灰褐土、水稻土和旱地土壤的氧化还原状况。综合已有原位测定结果，地带性土壤的电位由南向北的空间分异与其水平地带谱相应；亚高山草甸土和灰褐土的氧化还原状况随山体高度和植物群落而呈垂直分异趋势。

The basic study content of this essay is follow as:1.To calculate the stable factor k_i~0 of individual slices according to self-forced condition of slices,under the condition of without inter-slices force.2.To calculate transferal force R_i, stabile factor K_i of individual slices and stabile factor K of the stable slope, under the condition of there is a level transferal force between slices and the slope is stable. If the slope is not stable, to calculate the transferal force R_i between individual slices, the stabile factor K_i of individual slices and the stable factor K of the unstable slope in term of concordant conditions of acceleration.

本文研究的基本内容包括： 1、研究土条条间不传递力情况下，由土条自受力状态计算各土条的稳定系数K_i，并由K_i计算稳定土坡的稳定系数K； 2、研究条间传递水平力情况下，若土坡稳定，由土条预平衡状态、传力顺序和传力边界条件，推导各土条间的水平传力R_i的理论公式和各土条的稳定系数K_i，并由K_i计算稳定土坡的稳定系数K；若土坡失稳，由加速度和谐条件计算各土条间的水平传力R_i和各土条的稳定系数K_i，并由K_i计算失稳土坡的稳定系数K

In addition, there are constrained by the rock of the limestone soil and purple soil, and thick bone soil, paddy soil, brown soil, aquic soil, peat, marsh land, Carboniferous soil, rocky soil, mountain meadow soil, red clay, the new soil, such as soil type.

此外，还有受母岩制约的石灰土和紫色土、粗骨土、水稻土、棕壤、潮土、泥炭土、沼泽土、石炭土、石质土、山地草甸土、红粘土、新积土等土类。

Qilian Mountains are mainly located in the mountains for a cold desert soil → ash swamp land and soil; Long in the first mountain chestnut soil as a soil-gray →→ gray-brown desert soil; in the northern Gobi desert soil as a gray-brown sand of a wind →→ saline soil; corridor oasis for irrigated desert soil → a gray-brown desert soil of a meadow → soil.

在祁连山区主要分布为高山寒漠土一→灰钙土及沼泽土；龙首山区为栗钙土一→灰钙土一→灰棕漠土；北部戈壁为灰棕漠土一→风沙土一→盐土；走廊绿洲为灌漠土一→灰棕漠土一→草甸土。

In studies of interaction among pile, platform that above it and surrounding soil, this paper employ the concept of plate element to simulate the loading character of platform, and employ the concept of solid element to simulate the character of pile and soil, using the finite element method after understanding the geometry properties of pile, soil and the platform. Analyzing the loading properties of the three entities above and their deformation, this paper also employ a special element, Penalty Element. The introduction of penalty element of this kind has served to guarantee the join harmony of displacement between solid element and plate element, thereby effectively resolving the join problem between platforms, pile that support it and surrounding soil.Considering significant property difference between pile material and its surrounding soil, there may be much shear stress on their contact interface produced under vertical load, thus causing displacement or fission. Therefore it is necessary to adopt one special constitutive law of this kind of contact interface, which can reflect its feature of loading and deformation thoroughly. On the basis of the deformation feature and constitutive laws of some contact interface obtained by Zhang Dongji and people concerned through some single-shear experiments on contact interface between structure and soil, this paper employ one pile-soil three-dimensional constant thickness contact interface model to simulate the " slide" taken place on the interface between pile and its surrounding soil. With this kind model, this paper has also created one finite element model, which can be applied to perform finite element calculation and analyze the pile-loading feature, and deduced its element stiffness matrix.

在承台-桩-土共同作用中，考虑桩与承台的几何特性，采用有限元方法，用实体单元模拟桩土，用板单元模拟承台，更具体地分析桩和承台的受力特性和变形，而且还采用罚单元—既实体单元与板单元之间连接必须满足变形协调条件，来有效地解决了承台与桩土的连接问题，且在桩土共同作用中，由于桩体结构的材料性能与周围土层性质相差较大，在竖向荷载下有可能在其接触面上产生较大的剪应力从而导致错动或开裂，因此，为了充分反映桩土接触面上的受力及变形特征，应采用一种桩土接触面特有的本构关系，即利用张冬霁等人关于结构与土体接触面单剪试验所得到的接触面变形特征及其本构关系，引入桩-土三维等厚度接触单元来模拟桩与桩侧土之间的&滑移&，在此基础上建立可用于桩基承载性状分析的有限元计算单元模型，并推导出了各单元的刚度矩阵。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。