噪声

Preprocessing consists of data selection, baseline adjustment, noise filtering and peak identification. Data selection removes preprimer data section which contains little useful information. Baseline adjustment adjusts the baselines of four channels to the same level. Noise filtering removes the impulse noise and white noise. Peak identification selects the peak data for use in cross matrix determination.

预处理包括数据段选取、基线调整、噪声滤除、峰值识别四个模块：数据段选取删除前段冗余数据；基线调整使得四色荧光信号的基线高度一致；噪声滤除去除信号中的脉冲噪声和白噪声；峰值识别选取峰值数据，作为求解串扰矩阵的数据。

Based on summarying the measures of traffic noise control in the world, in terms of theory and experience of noise control , as well as adapting concrete environmental condition and development tendency china western , this paper puts forward the measures of traffic noise control which reduct the effect of noise pollution and accelerat the management of highway environment protection .

在总结国内外防治交通噪声措施的基础上，根据噪声控制的理论经验，结合西部地区具体环境状况和发展趋势，提出了适合中国西部的交通噪声防治对策，以减少噪声污染和推动西部地区交通环保事业的发展。

Noise can be reduced by about 2 dB by using oil-resistant rubber isolator to reduce solid-borne sound transmission;the setting-up of semienclosed noise barriers can not only reduce the work region's noise of workshop by 13 dB,but also adapt to the gas's characteristic involved with H2S,CO,and other poisonous components without supplied m...

通过选用耐油性好的橡胶隔振器减少固体传声，可降低噪声约2 dB；设置半封闭式机组隔声屏障可降低生产车间工作区域内的噪声达13 dB，并且适合瓦斯发电气源中含有H2S、CO等有毒有害气体的特点，不需增加强制通风措施；在生产车间四周墙壁和顶棚上敷设吸声体，最大可降低空间噪声8 dB；根据瓦斯发电机排烟噪声频谱特性设计的阻抗复合式消音器的消音量可以达到30 dB以上。

Noise can be reduced by about 2 dB by using oil-resistant rubber isolator to reduce solid-borne sound transmission; the setting-up of semienclosed noise barriers can not only reduce the work region's noise of workshop by 13 dB, but also adapt to the gas's characteristic involved with H2S, CO, and other poisonous components without supplied mandatory ventilation; locating the noise absorbers on the walls and ceiling of workshop can reduce noise by 8 dB; the exhaust silencer's elimination volume can reach above 30 dB which is designed in accordance with the exhaust noise spectrum characteristic of gas-combustion generator. By the combination of these measures, the noise of the gas- combustion generator will be under effective control, so that the gas power plant's noise pollution problems can be resolved.

通过选用耐油性好的橡胶隔振器减少固体传声，可降低噪声约2 dB；设置半封闭式机组隔声屏障可降低生产车间工作区域内的噪声达13 dB，并且适合瓦斯发电气源中含有H2S、CO等有毒有害气体的特点，不需增加强制通风措施；在生产车间四周墙壁和顶棚上敷设吸声体，最大可降低空间噪声8 dB；根据瓦斯发电机排烟噪声频谱特性设计的阻抗复合式消音器的消音量可以达到30 dB以上。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

Wheel/rail noise of the high-speed slab track on concrete bridge and that of the urban elevated supporting block track are predicted respectively. Noise of the slab track, compared with that of the ballasted track, is more severe. The noise of the slab track is about 6.2dBA higher than that of the ballasted track for the receiver nearby the rail, and about 3.5dBA higher than that of ballast track for the receiver

对降低高速铁路桥上板式无碴轨道及城市轨道交通桥上支承块式无碴轨道轮轨噪声的技术措施进行了研究，包括：(1)分别就板式轨道和支承块式轨道结构参数的低噪声设计原则进行了研究；(2)对几种典型的新型轨道用吸声材料的降噪效果进行了分析，结果表明降噪效果显著；(3)就声屏障高度、位置、形状以及声屏障内侧敷设吸声材料对降噪效果的影响进行了分析，结果表明：声屏障越高、越接近轨道，降噪效果越好；声屏障内侧敷设吸声材料，可降低钢轨近旁噪声2.0～3.0dBA，可降低近地面噪声约1.5～2.0dBA

The layout of airfield is designed and adjusted rationally by means of founding a noise prediction model, protracting noise isobars diagrams and using space analysis function of GIS, which is validated by the combination with structure instance.

机场内部营区噪声污染严重，因此，在营区规划初期对营区范围内噪声进行合理预测和规划就显得尤为重要，通过建立噪声预测模型，绘制噪声等值线图，利用GIS的空间分析功能，对营区布局进行合理规划和调整，并结合实例进行可行性验证。

That is to say, the medicine effect of Astragals was longer and more stable than that of Rhodiola not only in low but also in high noise intensity.

也就是说，黄芪的药效无论是在高强度噪声还是在低强度噪声下都比较持久、稳定，而红景天在低强度噪声下药效比较持久，在高噪声强度下的药效不如低强度。

That is to say, the medicine effect of Astragals was longer and more stable than that of Rhodiola not only in low but also in high noise intensity. The medicine effect of Rhodiola was more stable in low noise intensity, but weaker in high noise intensity.

也就是说，黄芪的药效无论是在高强度噪声还是在低强度噪声下都比较持久、稳定，而红景天在低强度噪声下药效比较持久，在高噪声强度下的药效不如低强度。

Simulation is be done for all various noise density from 10% to 95%, and the results show that the proposed algorithm can restrain salt-and-pepper noise with detail-preserving, especi all y for high noise level.

我们对密度在10%~95%的各种噪声强度的情况进行了仿真，结果显示本文提出的算法能在有效地抑制噪声的同时完好地保持图像的细节信息，尤其在高噪声密度条件下显示了良好的噪声抑制效果和细节保持能力，显示了算法的稳健性。

Means the parent directory, so this command means to execute "toolchain.sh," which is in the current directory.

代表父目录，所以这个命令就是执行当前目录下的"toolchain.sh"。

Yes,In fact,I'm on our city ream.

是的。事实上我是我们市队的。