嗅觉丧失

Thus 11 of 14 patients with anosmia (79%) achieed long-term olfactory rehabilitation.

因而，14例患者中的11例嗅觉丧失的患者获得长期的嗅觉恢复。

Individuals with anosmia may or may not be aware of their olfactory deficiency.

嗅觉丧失患者可能意识到也可能没意识到他们嗅觉的缺失。

Result: Among the 121 cases,103 cases were hyposmia, 29 cases were anosmia, in which one side was hyposmia ,the other side was anosmia in 11 cases.

结果 ：经检查，嗅觉障碍 12 1例患儿中嗅觉减退 10 3例，嗅觉丧失 2 9例，其中 11例一侧嗅觉减退，一侧嗅觉丧失。

The most common reported clinical symptoms are: hearing impairment (95%), cerebellar ataxia (88%), pyramidal signs (76%), dementia (24%), anosmia (17%), anisocoria (10%) and sensory signs (13%).

最常见的临床表现为：听力损害（95%）、小脑性共济失调（88%）、锥体束征（76%）、痴呆（24%）、嗅觉丧失（17%）、瞳孔大小不等（10%）、感觉症状（13%）。

IHH can be divided into Kallmann syndrome, the association of IHH with anosmia (~60% of all IHH), and normosmic IHH (~40% of all IHH).

IHH可分为Kallmann综合症、与嗅觉丧失关联的IHH（占所有IHH的约60%）以及嗅觉正常的IHH（占所有IHH的约40%）。

Kallmann syndrome is characterized by the association of idiopathic or isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia.

Kallmann综合症的特点是与自发的或单纯性促性腺激素分泌不足性腺机能减退以及嗅觉丧失相关联。

Disturbances of the sense of smell are frequent.It is estimated to be 19.1%(hyposmia 13.3%,anosmia 5.8%) in adults aged 20 years and older,and 24.5%in adults aged 53 years and older.

在生活中，嗅觉障碍并不少见，有数据显示20岁以上的中青年中19.1%存在嗅觉障碍，其中嗅觉功能减退者占13.3%，嗅觉完全丧失者占5.8%，而在53岁以上的中老年人当中存在嗅觉障碍的人数比例已高达24.5%。

The potential prognostic factors (nasal obstruction, cross-sectional area of nasal cavity, rhinosinusitis severity, preoperative olfactory loss, nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis, concurrent septoplasty and turbinal surgery, postoperative steroid treatment) for improvement in olfaction after FESS were also evaluated in these patients.

手术六个月后，这些病患的嗅觉功能再用同样方法来评估，同时分析可能的预后因子〈鼻塞、鼻腔截面积、鼻及鼻窦炎严重度、术前嗅觉丧失程度、鼻息肉、过敏性鼻炎、附带鼻中膈鼻甲手术、术后类固醇治疗〉对术后嗅觉功能改变的影响。

Methods Olfactory test was performed by odor threshold and identification test （T＆T olfactometry）.

方法选择上呼吸道感染后嗅觉减退或丧失患者10例，用T＆T嗅觉测试法测试患者的嗅觉功能。

Objective: This study investigated olfactory function disorder in Canadian potential AD patients through measuring the detection threshold and recognition threshold, of the potential AD patients and the matched controls by Five Odorants Test; and evaluated whether the senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads , which were the typical pathological changes of AD, presented in the olfactory mucosa of potential AD patients.

老年性痴呆中有75%为阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease， AD)，AD 是一种神经细胞退行性疾病，原因不明，临床以进行性记忆丧失和后天获得的知识丧失，病程逐渐发展直至完全丧失生活能力为特征。其病因是多原性的。尽管AD 的描述已达90 年之久，但要在早期检出此病仍是一个难题，所以，改进其临床诊断程序、途径非常重要。当今广泛用于AD 诊断的诸多标准中均未明确提及嗅觉的改变，然而众多国外文献资料表明，几乎所有的AD 患者发病早期甚至在临床前期即表现嗅觉识别阈的改变，可见对此深入研究有助于AD 患者的早发现、早诊断。

Means the parent directory, so this command means to execute "toolchain.sh," which is in the current directory.

代表父目录，所以这个命令就是执行当前目录下的"toolchain.sh"。

Yes,In fact,I'm on our city ream.

是的。事实上我是我们市队的。