商业的

The cash is a business felloe lubricant, there is no enough lubricant, the machine stops an operation because of rubbing, have no enough the business activity of cash is also such, but because the cash belongs to not income a property, so reserve cash of the cost is very expensive, cash's holding to have quantity will reduce its latent income over the company of lowest request, so the cash management is very professional with height meticulous of work.

现金是商业车轮的润滑油，没有足够的润滑油，机器因磨擦而停止运转，没有足够现金的商业活动也是如此，但是由于现金属于非收益性资产，所以保留现金的成本非常昂贵，现金持有量超过最低要求的公司将减少其潜在收益，所以现金管理是非常专业和高度细致的工作。

It describes Hanseatic League's formation and prosperity, including the definition of the League, organizational structure, etc., and presumes that the powerful League is the resorts of its merchants entering into England and engaging in commercial activities. On the other hand, in England, during 13 to 15 century, because of the burden of "the Hundred Years War", the force of state had weakening; the level of economy seems relative low, which give Hanseatic merchants a huge space to engaged in commercial activities in England.

叙述汉萨同盟的形成和繁荣情况，包括同盟的定义、组织结构、分布范围，认为汉萨同盟的强大是其商人能进入英国从事商业活动的力量凭靠；而13至15世纪的英国，由于"百年战争"，英国的国家力量出现弱化，而经济在横向对比中又显得相对落后，这就为汉萨商人提供了从事商业活动的巨大空间。

With the investigate of the strict restrict of the personal foreign trade, strict system of toll-gate,high impost and the recordation of come-and-go peoples from the multi-strip which excavated in XuanQuan,DunHuang,we think that the viewpoint of Mr YuYingshi and Mr Michael Loewe were need to deliberate.

这样一种交换，汉朝非但不能从经济上获得利益，反而要背上沉重的负担，从纯经济的角度而言是不划算的，并不是一种纯商业意义上的交换，就此而言，在汉朝的对外交往中，纯粹的商业贸易不能说没有，至少相对于朝贡往来而言是比较少见的。

The larger part of the collective existence of every community is consumed in transactions of buying and selling, of letting and hiring, of alliances between men for purposes of business, of delegation of business from one man to another; and this is no doubt the consideration which led the Romans, as it has led most societies, to relieve these transactions from technical incumbrance, to abstain as much as possible from clogging the most efficient springs of social movement.

每一个社会的集体生存，其较大部分是消耗在买卖、租赁、为了商业目的而进行的人与人之间的联合、一个人对另一个人的商业委托等等交易中；这无疑是使罗马人象大多数社会一样，考虑到把这些交易从专门手续的累赘中解脱出来，并尽可能使社会运动最有效的泉源不至阻塞。

When the government directly interferes with the economic affairs and takes it upon itself to bargains for projects and invite investments, it is an interference with the basic market function and fair competition system, as well as the distortion of the government functions.

在市场经济条件下，招商引资属于竞争性领域的事务，其商业行为的特质决定了应该交给市场主体按照商业规则和市场规律去运作，政府直接插手具体的经济事务中，越俎代庖地去谈项目、拉投资，既是对市场对资源配置的基础性作用和公平竞争机制的干扰，同时也带来了政府职能的扭曲，滋生了腐败。

By the logical positivism, through introducing the concern of information ineffective of information economics, Loan Pushing and the others, analysis main reason of credit management.

本文主要是采用实证分析的方法，在研究澳门的商业银行信贷资产的管理方面，引入了信息经济学理论中的信息不完全和贷款勉强等的概念，分析澳门的商业银行信贷风险的成因等问题。

Competent commercial departments at all localities shall actively coordinate pertinent local departments for support small and medium circulation enterprises to promulgate tax and financial support policies related to pioneering work encouragement and supports given to small and medium circulation enterprises for business innovation, technical innovation and market exploration, reduce costs for the restructuring and reform of small and medium circulation enterprises, encourage the financing by means of income from operation of state-owned enterprises' assets, liquidity of commercial land, reduction of state-owned capital in circulation enterprises, transfer and financial allocation, in places where conditions permit, set up special funds for the reform of state-owned small and medium circulation enterprises which shall be used to pay the restructuring fee which is payable by and fails to be paid by restructured enterprises lacking strength to do so, and to pay the social insurance and economic compensation, the payment of which the cash after liquidity of assets of enterprises in bankruptcy is not sufficient to cover, actively coordinate with the local department for real estate administration for its support, solve problems on the ownership of commercial real estate which has been used for long by state-owned small and medium circulation enterprises, and earnestly implement the preferential policies of the State concerning the reemployment of laid-off workers by enterprises and concerning the establishment of small and medium enterprises by laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises.

各地商务主管部门要积极协调当地有关部门出台鼓励创业、支持中小流通企业经营创新、技术创新和开拓市场的税收政策和金融支持政策，降低中小流通企业的改革、改制成本。鼓励有条件的地方通过国有企业资产经营收益、商业用地变现、流通企业国有资本减持、转让以及财政拨付等方式筹措资金，建立国有中小流通企业改革的专项资金，用于无力支付改制费用企业的改制费用以及破产企业资产变现后不足支付职工社会保险、经济补偿等方面费用。要积极协调，争取地方房产管理部门的支持，解决国有中小流通企业长期使用的商业用房产权归属问题。要认真落实国家关于企业吸纳下岗职工就业和国有企业下岗职工创办中小企业的优惠政策。

Along with the step of the economy globalization, finance liberalize and integration, as well as Chinese economy mercerization and Chinese join into WTO, Chinese commercial banks will be faced with development opportunities and challenges never existed before. At the same time, facing the opening of Chinese finance industry step by step and the entering of commercial banks abroad and their competition, the risk of Chinese commercial banks also has the trend of enlarging.

随着经济全球化、金融自由化和一体化以及中国经济市场化改革步伐的加快和中国加入WTO，中国银行业将面临前所未有的发展机遇与挑战；同时，随着中国金融业的逐步放开，面对国外商业银行的进入与竞争，中国商业银行的风险也有加大的趋势。

" Emblazon is reformed 2008 " used trade of much length introduction BizFile to register what submit a system with the file to derive a process, in detail description is before 2003, if the company that should register in Singapore must be borne why register a program multifariously to reach expect the lengthy process that registers approval, make the commerce at that time register bureau produce the opinion that uses Internet technology to register a program in order to simplify, establish finally to have the system is registered on reputable reputable net.

颂扬改革2008》用了大量的篇幅介绍BizFile商业注册与文件呈交系统的衍生过程，具体地描述在2003年之前，要在新加坡注册的公司如何必须忍受繁杂的注册程序及等候注册批准的漫长过程，促使当时的商业注册局萌生利用互联网技术以简化注册程序的想法，最终设立一个备受好评的网上注册系统。

To solve such a problem, this paper provide a method combined with the appraisal of commercial opportunity and producer's income. The commercial opportunity appraising is carried upon the analyst of the improvement of the product's function and the renewal of the consumer's demand. Meanwhile, the multimedia products are divided into two kinds, one is call star-network multimedia product, and the other is called mash-network multimedia product. For each type of product, the paper analyses the producer's equilibrium in monopoly market and monopolistic competition market, which provides a method to forecast the producer's income in the future market.

针对这两种现象，本课题在研究过程中提出了商业机会评价结合厂商收益评价的投资机会研究方法，首先通过分析产品功能更新与消费者需求更新的内在关系，识别具有良好商业机会的产品；而后通过将多媒体产品划分为星型网络型多媒体产品和交叉网络型多媒体产品，分别研究在垄断的市场以及垄断竞争的市场条件下厂商的收益水平，识别真正具有良好收益前景的厂商类型，以及影响厂商未来收益的因素。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。