品种

Typical bands were used to analyze relation with ecotypes and characters of fruits, indicating that there was no relation between typical bands and ecotypes, but some extent relation between bands and characters of fruits existed. If all cultivars were divided into freestone and clingstone, melting and nonmelting, both freestone (ratio shared total survey, 41/56=73.2%) and clingstone (ratio shared total survey, 33/79=41.8%) appeared in the loci of S_(167)-1050 bp linked marker raised by Warburton et al. It was apparently not strong linkage between the marker and the character, and exchange rate of genes was high. If combinations of S_(167)-850bp and S_(167)-1050bp or S_(167)-850bp and S_(167)-1400bp were used to distinguish characters of fruits, 6 freestone accessions without clingstone ones and 6 melting accessions without nonmelting ones displayed in the first combination of markers, 20 clingstone accessions and 2 semi-freestone ones without freestone ones appeared in the second combination of markers.

通过典型带对不同生态型、果实性状为类别进行分析，结果未发现有与生态型相吻合的特征带出现，而将供试所有品种按离核、粘核和溶质、不溶质划分归类，供试品种在Warburton等得到S_(167)-1050 bp处粘离核分子标记，出现既有离核(占供试离核41／56=73.2％)，又有粘核(占供试粘核33／79=41.8％)，可见此连锁标记连锁性不强，发生交换的机率较高，而S_(167)-850bp带和S_(167)-1050bp带同时出现时，该组包含6个离核，无粘核品种；6个溶质，而无不溶质。S_(167)-850bp和S_(167)-1400bp同时出现时，包含20个粘核品种和2个半离核品种。

The behavior of resistance of the most common Italian durum and bread wheat (80 and 73 cultivars, respectively) to wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) tested in the fields from 1992 to 1996, was reported. The experiments of adult resistance of these cultivars were conducted annually in about 13 different cereal growing areas.

本文介绍了意大利近年来小麦主要推广品种（80个硬粒小麦品种和73个面包小麦品种）1992～1996年在田间对白粉病的成株抗性情况，和13个意大利硬粒小麦和20个面包小麦品种及11个中国小麦品种用意大利10个主要菌系进行的苗期抗性鉴定情况。

SO〓 injury caused a reduction of water, chlorophyll and anthocyanidin, and pH values of the grapes injured by SO〓 were decreased and the intracellular acidification of flesh could be found. SO〓 injury also inhibited activities of SOD, POD and CAT, and deceased ASA contents. Hence the membrane lipid per oxidation was accelerated and the content of MDA and relative electrical conductivity were increased. Treatment of toxic dose of SO〓 increased respiratory rate, lowered activities of PAL and PPO.

与不耐SO〓的品种&红地球&相比，耐SO〓品种&巨峰&具有较高的pH值和较大的缓冲容量，较高的超氧化物歧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性；受SO〓刺激后，耐SO〓品种&巨峰&的超氧化物歧化酶及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性和酚类物质含量上升幅度大于不耐SO〓的品种&红地球&；长期处于SO〓伤害环境时，耐SO〓品种&巨峰&的过氧化氢化酶活性下降幅度低于不耐SO〓的品种&红地球&。

As to'Cabemet Sauvignon'and'Queen of Vineyard', which belong to the'West Europe Cultivars Group', no obvious decline of Fv/Fm was found in their potted plants even under severe drought stress. Their photosynthetic abilities also greatly recovered after rewatering, i. e. no serious photodamage was formed in these cultivars under drought stress. Between them, the φPSⅡ of 'Queen of Vineyard'under severe drought stress was much lower than that of'Cabernet Sauvignon', which suggested that the light use efficiency of the former was much lower than the latter under severe drought stress. The potted plants of'Autumn Royal'and'Rizamat' sustained high Fv/Fm and φPSⅡ before moderate drought stress, but seriously declined under severe drought stress, which indicated that these cultivars had a weak resistant ability to extreme drought stress. A hybridized cultivar of Vitis vinifera L. and V. labrusca L.,'Red Double Taste', its Fv/Fm and φPSⅡ expressed mild decline along drought stress grade.φPSⅡ of'Red Double Taste'was the highest among seven cultivars under severe drought stress condition, which might closely connected with its high photorespiration activity. Another new cultivar,'Red Globe', and a rootstock,'1103Paulsen', the Fv/Fm and φPSⅡ of their potted plants declined markedly under slight drought stress, which suggested that they held a weak ability to defend against photoinhibition.

西欧品种群的赤霞珠和葡萄园皇后，其盆栽苗的Fv／Fm直到重度干旱胁迫下仍没有明显的降低，且复水后光合能力恢复程度较高，即干旱没有给这两个品种造成严重的光破坏，而两个品种之间，葡萄园皇后在重度干旱胁迫下的φPSⅡ明显低于赤霞珠，说明其光合器官在严重干旱胁迫时对光能的利用率较差；新品种皇家秋天和东方品种群的里扎马特在中度干旱胁迫下仍可维持较高的Fv／Fm和φPSⅡ，但在重度干旱胁迫下则降低幅度较大，说明其抵御极端干旱胁迫的能力较差；欧美杂种红双味的Fv／Fm和φPSⅡ随着干旱胁迫程度的增加呈现平缓的下降趋势，而且其φPSⅡ在重度干旱胁迫下是七个品种中最高的，这应该与其此时仍维持较强的光呼吸活性有关；红地球和砧木1103Paulsen的Fv／Fm和φPSⅡ在轻度干旱胁迫下就明显下降，表明干旱条件下其抵御光抑制的能力较差。

The main contents, including the definitions of cultivar, group, denomination class, nomenclatural standard, publication and establishment, the classification class, and the naming system of cultivated plants, were introduced.

介绍了国际栽培植物命名法规的主要内容，包括品种、品种群、命名等级、命名标准、发表和建立等基本概念，栽培植物的分类等级和命名体系，并主要以桂花、兰花等观赏植物的品种分类为例，详细论述了品种、品种群和嫁接嵌合体的命名规则；简要评述了我国栽培植物品种分类和命名中存在的问题。

The ISSR fingerprinting of 18 Japanese plum cultivars and 12 plum species or variety were established by using optimum system with primer 5"-9T-3"and 5"-9C-3", respectively. The identification rate of plum cultivars and species or variety was 100%. The effects of five important components on reaction of SSR were studied with Prunus salicina cv. Meilili. The results showed that the optimum concentration of five important components i.e. Tag DNA polymerase, Mg +, single primer, template DNA and dNTPs in 25 μL reaction system of SSR were 1.5u, 2.0mM, 0.8 μ M, 30~40ng and 0.16~0.24mM, respectively. The dendrograms of these cultivars was contructed according the Jaccard coefficient of similarity.

利用该优化体系，以5′-_9T-3′为引物，构建了中国李18个品种的ISSR指纹图谱，该引物可将这些品种完全区别开来；以5′-_9C-3′为引物，构建了李属6类种质资源的ISSR指纹图谱，该引物区分率为100％。4、中国李品种适宜的SSR反应分析体系是：25μL SSR反应体系中，Taq DNA聚合酶、Mg~(2+)、每个引物、模板DNA和dNTPs等5种成分的适宜浓度分别是：1.5u、2.0mmol·L~(-1)、0.8μmol·L~(-1)、30～40ng和0.16～0.24mmol·L~(-1)。5、采用RAPD、ISSR和SSR等三种分子标记技术对中国李品种资源54份和2个欧洲李品种进行了遗传多样性分析，并以品种间的遗传相似系数构建了Jaccard聚类树状图。

The results show that the differences of beet root production, sugar and sugar production in different species and location have reached significant levels (F.01), variety and location of interaction effects are achieved very significant (F.01) or significant levels (F.05); Considered root production, sugar and sugar production and stability, ZM203, KWS9415 are better for the stability of high-yielding varieties, D0316, ZM203 are better for the stability of the high-sugar varieties, ZM201 for the stability of a high-yielding sugar, 2003-8 varieties is good for the stability of high-yielding sugar deviation species.

结果表明：甜菜块根产量、含糖率和产量糖在不同品种和地点的差异都达到极显著水平(F.01)，品种与地点互作效应都达到极显著(F.01)或显著水平(F.05)；综合考虑块根产量、含糖率和产量糖的表现和稳定性，ZM203、KWS9415为高产稳定性较好的品种，D0316、ZM203为高糖稳定性较好的品种，ZM201为高产糖量稳定性较好的品种，2003-8为高产糖量稳定性偏差的品种。

Hobby breeder: A breed fancier who usually has only one breed but may have two; follows a breeding plan in efforts to preserve and protect the breed; produces from none to five litters per year; breeds only when a litter will enhance the breed and the breeding program; raises the puppies with plenty of environmental and human contact; has a contract that protects breeder, dog, and buyer; runs a small, clean kennel; screens breeding stock to eliminate hereditary defects from the breed; works with a breed club or kennel club to promote and protect the breed; and cares that each and every puppy is placed in the best home possible.

嗜好繁殖者：他们是某品种的专家，通常他们只繁殖一到两个品种，他们遵循繁殖计划是为了保护这个品种，他们每年只繁殖1~5胎，只有一种前提他们才会繁殖，那就是这胎有机会增强这个品种。他们在良好的环境中喂养幼犬，保证幼犬与人类足够的接触。他们使用协议保护繁殖者，狗，和购买者，他们经营着小的，干净的犬舍，他们监控自己的种犬避免遗传缺陷，他们和某个品种俱乐部或者犬业协会协作，来保护和推进这个品种，并且用心的照顾每一个幼犬，为每个幼犬寻找最合适的家庭。

A breed fancier who usually has only one breed but may have two; follows a breeding plan in efforts to preserve and protect the breed; produces from none to five litters per year; breeds only when a litter will enhance the breed and the breeding program; raises the puppies with plenty of environmental and human contact; has a contract that protects breeder, dog, and buyer; runs a small, clean kennel; screens breeding stock to eliminate hereditary defects from the breed; works with a breed club or kennel club to promote and protect the breed; and cares that each and every puppy is placed in the best home possible.

嗜好繁殖者：他们是某品种的专家，通常他们只繁殖一到两个品种，他们遵循繁殖计划是为了保护这个品种，他们每年只繁殖1~5胎，只有一种前提他们才会繁殖，那就是这胎有机会增强这个品种。他们在良好的环境中喂养幼犬，保证幼犬与人类足够的接触。他们使用协议保护繁殖者，狗，和购买者，他们经营着小的，干净的犬舍，他们监控自己的种犬避免遗传缺陷，他们和某个品种俱乐部或者犬业协会协作，来保护和推进这个品种，并且用心的照顾每一个幼犬，为每个幼犬寻找最合适的家庭。

Results indicated that, with cotton varieties succession, in the primary factor of yield constitution, the number of bolls per plant, lint index and lint percentage increased obviously, in which the number of lint percentage in modern varieties was 7.5%~19.9% higher than old varieties, along the lint index increased the seed index obviously drops with cotton variety change; boll weight and the number of bolls per plant displays opposite tendency, there was a declined trend in boll weight, from 5.9g in old varieties to 5.3g in modern varieties.

结果表明：随着棉花品种的更换，在其产量构成的主要因素中，结铃数、衣分、衣指逐步提高，近期品种衣分比以往品种增加7.5%~19.9%；在衣指提高的过程中，子指却在随品种更替明显下降；单铃重表现出与单株结铃数相反的趋势，铃重逐渐减轻，从早期品种的5.9g下降到近期品种的5.3g。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。