启蒙

Abigor, Abyssos, Aeternus, Alastis,All Shall Perish, Amon Amarth, Amorphis, Anathema,Ancient, Angelcorpse, Antichrisis, Apostasy,Arcturus, Ashes You Leave, Atheist, At The Gates,Bal-Sagoth, Borknagar, Burzum, Caliban,Cannibal Corpse, Carcass, Carnal Forge, Cemetary,Children of Bodom, Cradle Of Filth, Criminal, Cryptopsy,Darkseed, Dark Tranquillity, Darkthrone, Death,Deicide, Destroyer 666, Dimmu Borgir, Dismal Euphony,Dismember, Dissection, Dreams of Damnation, Einherjer,Emperor, Enslaved, Enthroned, Entombed,Evereve, the Gathering, Graveworm, Hypocrisy,Immolation, In Flames, Internal Suffering, Kamelot,Katatonia, Krabathor, Labyrinth,Lamb of God,Marduk, Mayhem, Moonspell, Morbid Angel,My Dying Bride,Napalm Death, Nasum, Nile,Obituary, Old Man's Child, Opeth, Otep,Paradise Lost, Penumbra, Samael, Saturnus,Sentenced, Sepultura, Shadows Fall, Siebenburgen,Sigh, the Sins Of Thy Beloved, Six Feet Under, Skinless,Suffocation, Summoning, Therion, Thyrfing,Tiamat, Tristania, Ulver, Venom,Vintersorg, Virgin Black, Windir, Witchery,Within Temptation.

以邪恶、异教崇拜以及撒旦思想为其主要诉求，通常在歌词含有反基督、反宗教的倾向即被归为黑金属，除了传统重金属固定乐器之外，经常会使用其他乐器如钢琴、小提琴，或歌剧的女高音，在歌曲中营造出一股诡异又吓人的恐怖气氛。"黑金属"以来自北欧的重金属团体最具代表性。1、启蒙黑金属：在八十年代初，英国的地下重金属乐队Venom，在音乐中明确宣扬了对撒旦的崇拜、对战争的渴望，并且是由他们第一次将"Black Metal"这个名词带到金属圈内，为日后的黑金属乐队指明了音乐方向；瑞典同样出现了两支启蒙型的黑金属乐队，Bathory和Celtic Frost，他们的音乐已经基本上具备了原始黑金属的特点：粗糙、暴虐、邪恶！而Bathory的第一张专辑也被誉为是第一张黑金属唱片。不能不提的是丹麦的Mercyful Fate，他们虽然对日后的原始黑金属没有什么过多的影响，但是却对歌特黑金属、交响黑金属、歌特金属有着榜样的作用。

At the same time,this tragedy is also containing the exthemely rich cultural value: Lu Xun take himself as the reference, profound analyze himself, created Wei Lian-shu who has characteristical image; He thought the initiation person's destiny again and explored the outlet question of the intellectual in the 20 century, has the intense humanitarianism spirit.

同时，这一悲剧也蕴含着极其丰富的文化价值：鲁迅先生以自身为参照，深刻剖析，结合自己生命历程，创造出了独具特色的魏连殳形象，给当时的启蒙主义知识分子以警示；重新对启蒙主义者的命运进行再思考，探索了20世纪初中国知识分子的出路问题，体现出强烈的人道主义精神。

Viewed from the perspective of modern history, this type of fiction was in the specious process firstly, and be given the role as a literary embodiment of enlightenment. It seems that country people were the "other" who was slept by the self-awareness of enlightenment. Villagers were signed as "country". This type of fiction actually incarnated the new culture ideology of May Four clerisy, therefore these enlightenment novels about "country" weren\'t "country literature", but "native literature" which didn\'t make effect of coming into country. However, their burden function and habit to ideology was inherited and extended by country novel.

单从对现代历史发展的镜像反映上看，它似乎最初曾被赋予了"启蒙"的文学载体的角色，好像乡村人是被启蒙的自我意识沉睡的"他者"，村民被符号化为"国民"，这种创作实际上体现的是五四知识分子的新文化意识形态，属于未对乡村发生参与效应的"乡土文学"，但是，它对意识形态的承载功能和习惯为乡村小说所接续并放大。

The third part make the enlightenment as the angle of view, on the foundation that comb out the mercantilism ideasbasic connotation and put the mercantilism ideas into the background of society transformation, we can found the great enlightenment affect of the mercantilist ideas on economic values, machine building, industrial economy thinking and the theory of the international trade.

第三部分以启蒙意义为主线，在对早期维新派重商思想基本内涵进行梳理的基础上，把它放到传统农业社会向近代工业社会转型这一历史大背景中，突显其在中国近代经济价值观念(义利观、本末观、财富观)、机器生产思想、近代产业思想以及国际贸易理论形成过程中的重要启蒙作用。

The "May 4th" New Literature Movement established the standpoint of elite literature of didacticism, after this, didacticism literature and popular literature supplemented each other and formed an interactive paradoxical system. Chinese popular literature of the 21th century presented different ideas and shapes in different h...

五四新文学确立了启蒙主义的精英文艺立场，此后的启蒙主义文学与大众文艺相反相成，构成一个互动的矛盾体系。20世纪中国大众文艺在不同的历史时期呈现出不同的观念和形态，当代文艺美学应该对此做出理论上的概括与总结。

Nevertheless,during this period, Confucian thought has been greatly challenged by the researchers of Didacticism and Confucianism. Therefore,in analyzing the revival phenomenon,we bear in mind the following three premises: 1）Didacticism has received strong critic ism s in the contemporary world; 2）The international environment and China's status has changed radically; 3）The ideological position and function has undergone a transformational change; and 4）Confucianism itself has changed a lot.

当然，它们也受到来自启蒙主义与儒学研究者的批评；而我们在讨论这一时段儒学复兴现象时，也须注意以下前提：一、启蒙主义在今日世界受到严重的挑战；二、国际环境和中国的国际地位发生了根本性的逆转；三、意识形态的地位与作用发生了转变；四、儒学本身也发生了诸多变化。

With the changes from advocating enlightening to introspecting it, the cultural modernity fissions to aesthetic modernity, which formed the conflict between aesthetic modernity and enlightening modernity, which is so-called "the conflict of the two modernities".

随着从鼓吹启蒙到反思启蒙，文化现代性又裂变出审美现代性，从而形成审美现代性与启蒙现代性的对抗，这就是学界所谓的&两种现代性之争&。

In 80's, compare with"enlighten literature", she broke the chain of left thought and the collectively recount of the new period literature. She carried out the triumph of individual to community by using enlightening aesthetic displacement. In 90's, Tie Ning constructed true literature on intellectual edge-guard stance."new-realistic novel"sink into puzzlement . She acquired brief balance of modernity recount; In new century,"new historical novel"slinked into the predicament of"the epic turn"in escaping"great narrative". Tie Ning constructed the intellectual modernity narrative by fusing daily life and enlighten narrative.

论文通过铁凝与新时期的&新启蒙文学&、&新写实小说&、&新历史小说&对比研究发现：在80年代，铁凝继承了鲁迅的&立人&思想，冲破了&极左&思想的束缚和新时期文学的&集体叙事&，以对启蒙理性的审美置换实现了个体对群体的穿越和超越；90年代铁凝以知识分子的&边缘和守卫&的姿态建构着真善美的文学，避免陷入&新写实小说&的理性主体的缺失和道德理想消解的审美现代性困境，获得现代性叙事的短暂平衡；新世纪，铁凝在启蒙叙事和日常生活叙事的完美融合中建构起崭新的知识分子现代性叙事，为后革命时期建构宏大叙事提供了思想资源和审美表达的借鉴。

This dissertation has 7 chapters. Chapter One introduces the tradition of historical narration in Chinese literature, discusses the relationship between fiction and historical narration, and the historical view of humanism in traditional novels. Chapter Two analyzes the historical view in contemporary red narrative, the origin of red historical compilation, hypo-realism in red novels of officers, and the features of taking personal narrative as revolutionary narrative etc. the song of youth is taken as an example to illustrate the secret of changing little burgesses narrative into revolutionary narrative. Chapter Three focuses on re-emergence and changes of enlightenment historical narrative and the historical sense of enlightenment. Tibet, implied times and the family of red corn are taken as examples to illustrate the features of changing from enlightenment historicism to new historicism. Chapter Four examines the phenomena and characteristics of new historicism narrative. The following chapter concerns the historical narrative by Yu Hua and Mo Yan, and historical sense of quasi-new historicism in Wang Anyi's Changhenge.

正文共分七章，第一章是对&中国文学中的历史叙事传统&的追溯：探讨了中国文学中&小说&这一文类与&历史叙事&之间的渊源关系，传统小说中的人本主义与生命本体论的历史观、其悲剧本质的历史诗学与美学理念、其循环论与非主流的历史伦理：第二章是对&当代红色叙事中的历史观&的分析：探讨了其&红色历史编纂学&的由来，红色官史小说中的&伪现实主义&、&把个人叙事装饰为革命叙事&的特点、其&革命&外表下装裹着的&旧式&的叙事模型等等，还以《青春之歌》为例分析了由小布尔乔亚叙事改装为革命叙事的奥秘：第三章是对&启蒙历史叙事的重现与转型&的梳理：分析了寻根文学中所包含的启蒙历史主义意识一一从最早的民俗学趣味、到寻根诗歌中&文化民族主义&的突然高涨、还有寻根小说中所包含的各种新型的历史思想，还以稍后的扎西达娃的《西藏，隐秘岁月》和莫言的《红高粱家族》为例，探讨了其由启蒙历史主义向新历史主义过渡的特点：第四章是对&新历史主义叙事的现象与特征&的分析，先是梳理了新历史主义文学思潮从八十年代后期到九十年代末期所出现的大量现象和演变的轨迹，而后分析了各种类型的新历史主义叙事的特征，其基本尺度、还有&新&与&旧&的关系等等；此后第五、六、七章分别就余华和莫言的历史叙事、还有王安忆的《长恨歌》中的类似新历史主义的历史意识进行了分析。

If investigating from Oe's postwar re-enlightenment conscious, we can find that the enlightenment conscious appears clearly in The catch and Nip the buds, shoot the kids, so they can be called apparent enlightenment writings.

如果从大江在《奇妙的工作》等作品中初露端倪的战后再启蒙意识的角度出发进行考察，《饲育》和《找芽击仔》这两部作品显示出清晰的启蒙意识，可以说是显见的启蒙文本。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。