听小骨

The classic example is the ear ossicles of mammals, which we know from palaeontological and embryological studies originated in the upper and lower jaws and the hyoid of their Synapsid ancestors, and further back still were part of the gill arches of early fish.

典型的例子是哺乳动物的听小骨。我们从古生物学和胚胎学研究了解到，哺乳动物的听小骨起源于它们单弓型祖先的上下颌骨和舌骨，再往前则是早期鱼的鳃弓的一部分。

Three small bones in the middle ear: malleus, incus, and stapes.

骨质、小骨：中耳内的三个听小骨。槌骨、钻骨、镫骨。

Results CTVE could clearly demonstrate the shape,size,and relation of the normal auditory ossicular chain.A visualization rate of malleus,incus,and incudomalleal articulation was 100%,and was 32% for the stapedial footplate.However,in only 21% could the anterior and posterior crura of stapes be distinguished.Cholesteatoma was found in 12 cases with chronic otitis media,in which CTVE demonstrated varying degrees of destruction of the auditory ossicle.In 1 case with congenital anomaly,ossicle dysplasia was seen.

结果 CTVE能清楚显示正常听骨链的形态、大小及相互关系，锤骨、砧骨及锤砧关节的显示率为100%(38/38)，镫骨底板的显示率为32%(12/38)，只有21%(8/38)可以分辨镫骨的前、后脚；18例中耳炎患者中12例胆脂瘤形成，CTVE上有不同程度的听小骨破坏。1例中耳畸形显示听骨链发育异常。

Results: Both MIP and SSD 3D images could direct display the shape, size and correlation of malleus and incus, the incus-stapedial joint was like"L-shape" structure, but it was difficult to exhibit the footplate, anterior and posterior crura of stepes.Cholesteatomas was found in 12 cases with chronic otitis media, that 3D images exhibited varying degrees of destruction of the auditory ossides, and the display ability of SSD 3D image was slightly better than that of MIP 3D image.

结果：MIP和SSD 3D重建都能直观地观察锤、砧骨的形态、大小及相互关系，砧镫关节呈"L"形，镫骨前后脚及底板显示欠佳。18例中耳炎患者中12例胆脂瘤形成，3D重建显示有不同程度的听小骨破坏，SSD 3D的显示效果略好于MIP 3D。

The SSD of ossicles showed the malleus, incus, stapes, malleoincudial joint, and incuostapedial joint clearly.

结果 高分辨率CT清晰地显示了耳部微小病灶，明确了病变范围与周围结构的关系，听小骨的SSD对锤骨、砧骨、橙骨、锤砧关节、砧镫关节的显示有着极高的逼真性，颞骨矢状斜位极好地显示了面神经的破坏部位，为临床制定手术方案提供了有力的影像学依据。

Further, 1 case with COM had a non-healing perforation and 1 case with cholesteatoma had the complication of labyrinthitis. CONCLUSION: The overall outcome of non-cholesteatoma cases showed efficient improvement of hearing by skillfully performed ossiculoplasty. Of the cholesteatoma cases, hearing was reconstructed after removing ossicles for disease eradication.

藉由施行听小骨成形手术，来重建中耳腔疾病所导致的传导性听障，在临床的预后方面，对於非胆脂瘤的患者在熟练的手术技巧下，可以增进病患的听力；而胆脂瘤患者在根除肿瘤外，可以在听小骨拆除后来重建听力。

The acoustic sensibility was elevated and the descended abruptly in 3 ears after operation, the drum membrane separated with ossicles in 1 ear, the ossicle detached from oval window in 1 ear, the dislocation of malleus and stirrup in 1 ear.

术后听力提高后又突然下降3耳，其中1耳为重建听小骨与鼓膜分开，1耳为重建听小骨与卵圆窗分开，1耳为锤镫关节脱位，再次手术后听力均明显提高。2耳因胆脂瘤术后面瘫，CT示面神经管鼓室段缺损，再次手术后面瘫症状逐渐消失，但听力与术前相似。

Objective To evaluate CT scanning in the diagnosis of the traumatic abnormalities of ossicular chain.

目的 分析 33例外伤性听小骨异常的CT表现以探讨CT在外伤后听小骨异常诊断中的重要意义。

We successfully managed two patients with I-S joint separation resulting from head injury through exploratory tympanotomy with ossiculoplasty within the recent 2 years. Both were young females who had sustained head injury resulting from traffic accident with the sequelae of persistent hearing impairment. They both gained significant hearing improvement postoperatively.

在过去二年内，我们曾经历过二例听小骨链断离的病例，她们均为年轻女性，在车祸头部外伤后伴有持续性的听力障础，在怀疑听小骨链断离的诊断下，於外科病情稳定之后，以中耳探查术做听小骨链重建，两名患者术后听力皆有显著改善。

With dissecting microscope,weobserved 588 ossicles(200 mallei,224 incudis 164 stapes)from 120 full term foe-tuses without congenital defect except one case of anencephaly.We found that theauditory ossicles vary greatly ...

在240只耳中，发现5例(2.1%)听小骨先天性畸形：先天性镫骨底固定(1例)、环状镫骨与镫骨底分离(1例)、小柱状镫骨(2例)、镫骨与砧骨长脚和锤骨柄间借类骨组织连结(1例)。

Objective: To study the effect of polycythemia on blood oxygen saturation.

裴蕾目的：观察RBC剧增而引起的高粘血症对血氧饱和度的影响。

Based on SIMPLER algorithm in the curvilinear body-fitted coordinates, the calculations were performed for Pr=0.7, Re=10~1000 on non-orthogonal non-staggered grids which are generated by elliptic equation systems.

采用曲线坐标系下压力与速度耦合的SIMPLER算法，数值研究了周期性渐扩渐缩波纹通道内脉动流动与换热情况，流动Re数的范围为10~1000，Pr数为0.7。