含石墨的

The effect of the form(including individual,complex and complex proportion),the dose of graphite,carbon black,carborundum and the alkalinity of base slag on the melting speed were studied.

以石墨、炭黑、碳化硅等三种含碳材料和碱度分别为0.8、1.0和1.2的基渣为原料，研究了炭黑、石墨和SiC加入形式(单独或复合，包括复合时的比例)和加入量以及基渣的碱度等因素对保护渣熔化速度的影响，并对试验数据进行了多元线性回归分析。

Compared with the graphite, the coefficients of friction of the RL-C/C are lower under the same load of about 0.08-0.12, and the increasing range of the volume losses are still lower than those of the graphite. Compared with the SL pyrocarbon material, the COF and the volume loss of the SL-C/C are about 0.02-0.05 and 0.2 mm^3, lower than those under the same load. The COFs of most RL-C/C and SL-C/C specimens remain stable or decrease slightly with time, while those of the graphite and pyrocarbon specimens increase. The thickness of the integrated friction film of the RL-C/C decreases with load, but the wear surface of the SL-C/C is rough. Tough the wear surface of the graphite is integrated, the serious abrasive wear make the debris move easily and accumulate on the edge of the wear trace to form a restacked morphology. On the wear surface of the pyrocarbon material, some loosed debris, circular worn holes and flake worn out pyrocarbon has been found.

结果表明：PAN炭纤维改善C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损行为；在实验载荷范围内，与高强度石墨材料相比，含RL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.08~0.12；体积磨损量增幅降低；与热解炭试样相比，具有SL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.02~0.05，体积磨损量低0.2立方公厘左右；随着时间的延长，大部分C/C复合材料的摩擦因数基本相对稳定或呈小幅下降，而石墨、热解炭块的摩擦因数均呈不同幅度的上升；具有RL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面膜厚度随载荷增加而降低，具有SL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面较粗糙；高强石墨能形成较完整致密的摩擦膜，但磨粒磨损严重，磨屑易在摩擦膜边缘形成层状堆积；热解炭块摩擦表面磨屑堆积松散，有较多的孔洞以及热解炭层整体剥落的形貌。

Compared with the graphite, the coefficients of friction of the RL-C/C are lower under the same load of about 0.080.12, and the increasing range of the volume losses are still lower than those of the graphite. Compared with the SL pyrocarbon material, the COF and the volume loss of the SL-C/C are about 0.020.05 and 0.2 mm3, lower than those under the same load. The COFs of most RL-C/C and SL-C/C specimens remain stable or decrease slightly with time, while those of the graphite and pyrocarbon specimens increase. The thickness of the integrated friction film of the RL-C/C decreases with load, but the wear surface of the SL-C/C is rough. Tough the wear surface of the graphite is integrated, the serious abrasive wear make the debris move easily and accumulate on the edge of the wear trace to form a restacked morphology. On the wear surface of the pyrocarbon material, some loosed debris, circular worn holes and flake worn out pyrocarbon has been found.

结果表明：PAN炭纤维改善C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损行为；在实验载荷范围内，与高强度石墨材料相比，含RL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.08~0.12；体积磨损量增幅降低；与热解炭试样相比，具有SL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.02~0.05，体积磨损量低0.2 mm3左右；随着时间的延长，大部分C/C复合材料的摩擦因数基本相对稳定或呈小幅下降，而石墨、热解炭块的摩擦因数均呈不同幅度的上升；具有RL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面膜厚度随载荷增加而降低，具有SL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面较粗糙；高强石墨能形成较完整致密的摩擦膜，但磨粒磨损严重，磨屑易在摩擦膜边缘形成层状堆积；热解炭块摩擦表面磨屑堆积松散，有较多的孔洞以及热解炭层整体剥落的形貌。

Cyclic voltammetry indicated that there were Cr→Cr, Cr →Cr oxidation reaction on anode, while there were Cr→Cr, Cr→Cr, Cr →Cr deoxidization reaction on cathode. The graphite electrodes treated by acid and heating could enhance the reversibility and kinetic of the electrode reaction. The nature graphite electrodes had been eroded during charge/discharge process, while the graphite electrodes by activation could avoide corroding by hexad chromium ion. The reversibility and kinetic of the electrode reaction of chromium ion on activation electrode had been increased, so which indicated that graphite surface augment oxygenous function corps which could increase electrode hydrophile capability.

循环伏安实验表明：铬液流电池的电极反应非常复杂，在阳极存在Cr→Cr，Cr→Cr的氧化反应，在阴极存在Cr→Cr，Cr→Cr，Cr→Cr的还原反应；热处理的石墨电极和重铬酸钾处理的石墨电极能提高电极反应的活性和可逆性；在充放电实验中未处理的石墨电极发生严重腐蚀；分别用这两种方法处理过的石墨电极具有防止六价铬侵蚀的功能；铬离子在活化处理过的石墨电极上的反应活性和可逆性增加，可以认为：重铬酸钾溶液活化处理和加热处理后的石墨表面的含氧官能团增加，电极亲水性增强。

When the temperature became higher, the O and N impurity absorbed on the surface of powder reacted with catalyst and formed inertial compositions, wrapped on the surface of graphite powder, then the process of transformation stopped.

在较高温度下，纳米石墨表面吸附的含氮、氧等官能团与熔体金属发生反应生成惰性固态化合物并包裹在石墨表面，阻止了石墨的进一步溶解。

Investigation result can promote mechanism of detonation synthesis diamond and nano-graphite, can be used to research dynamite inclusive solid outcome (emulsification dynamite, aluminiferous dynamite) theory .

研究结果还将对爆轰合成金刚石、纳米石墨的机理起到促进作用，可以应用于含固体产物炸药的理论研究。

The properties and structure of MgO - C castable were studied. The graphite in castable was processedby three different methods.

本文用三种方法对石墨进行了改性处理，并研究了含这些处理石墨的镁炭浇注料的性能和组织结构。

In order to solve chromium waste water by means of electrolyzed deoxidation, we apply polyacrylonitrile carbon blanket as pole, graphite as bipolar plate, positive ion film as diaphragm, to an oxidation-reduction system, in which negative pole electrolyzes and reduces chromium waste water; meanwhile, oxides Fe~{2+} into Fe~{3+} in positive pole.

为了电解还原处理含铬废水，以聚丙烯腈碳毡作电极，石墨板作双极板，以阳离子交换膜为隔膜，组装出氧化还原电池系统。此系统阴极电解还原处理含铬废水，同时阳极氧化Fe2+为Fe3+。电池系统的平均电流效率达92.29%，处理后废水中铬含量小于10-5mol/L，达到国家排放标准

The results showed that the coating possessed excellent high surface quality, pure Cr sub-layer was columnar crystalline structure.

利用非平衡磁控溅射系统制备了含微量Cr的类石墨镀层，使用四点探针法测量所制备镀层的电阻率，测试结果表明所制备镀层工作层为类石墨层。

The Khondalite series are characterized by aluminum-rich gneisses consisting of sillimanite-garnet-biotite-monzonite gneiss, garnet-biotite-monzonite gniess, graphite-sillimanitebiotite schist, and garnet-amphibole two-pyroxene granulites occuring as lenses and layers within gneisses.

阿尔金构造带西段的孔兹岩系的主要由夕线石榴黑云二长片麻岩、石榴黑云二长片麻岩、含石墨夕线石榴黑云片岩等富铝的片麻岩类和夹于片麻岩中的石榴角闪二辉麻粒岩，并伴随有夕线榴长石石英岩及含石墨大理岩。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。