君主特权

In the 13th century, Dortmund was one of the wealthiest and most powerful cities in the Hanseatic League.

在18世纪，多特蒙德作为自由帝国城市必须向每一位新登基的君主宣誓会效忠国王，同时请求新国王批准其各种权利及特权。。

Certain grants made by the monarch in pursuance of the royal prerogative were sometimes called letters patent, which was a government notice to the public of a grant of an exclusive right to ownership and possession.

一些补助金所作的君主根据皇家特权，有时所谓的英皇制诰，这是一项政府公告向公众给予的专属权利所有权和占有权。

Through their privileges at the royal coronation and the ebb and flow of their status in the judicial and especially the political dimension, the Peerage of France is a key indicator of the transition of Kingdom of France from the feudal system to a monarchial system.

藉由他们在国王祝圣典礼中的特权与地位的演变，不仅在司法层面，更在政治层面上，成为法兰西王国由封建型态转变为君主国家的一个指标。

Military and civil aristocracies disappear, annihilated or crushed into insignificance between the kings and the sacerdotal order; and the ultimate result at which we arrive is, a monarch enjoying great power, but circumscribed by the privileges of a caste of priests.

在国王和僧侣阶级之间，军事和民事的贵族政治消失了，灭绝了，或者微不足道；我们所看到的最后结果，是一个君主享有大权，但是受到了祭司阶级的特权的拘束。

But you must note that the state of the Soldan is unlike all other principalities, for the reason that it is like the Christian pontificate, which cannot be called either an hereditary or a newly formed principality; because the sons of the old prince are not the heirs, but he who is elected to that position by those who have authority, and the sons remain only noblemen.

但是必须注意：苏丹国家同其他一切君主国都不相似。它类似天主教的教皇制，既不能称作世袭君主国，亦不能称作新的君主国；因为以前的君主的子孙并不是作为他的继承人，依继承权统治的，王位继承人是由享有特权的人们选举出来的人。

Up to our own day all the political writers whom we now read had thought, argued, dogmatized only about the constitution of government; about the nature of the state, the essence and seat of sovereignty, popular power and kingly prerogative; about the greatest meanings lying at the heart of government, and the high ends set before the purpose of government by man's nature and man's aims.

直到今天，我们所拜读的所有的政治学论著者都仅仅围绕下列问题进行思考、争辩和论证：政府&构成方式&；国家性质，主权的本质和地位，人民的权力和君主的特权；属于政府核心内容的最深的含义及根据人性和人的目的摆在政府目标之前的更高目标。

Means the parent directory, so this command means to execute "toolchain.sh," which is in the current directory.

代表父目录，所以这个命令就是执行当前目录下的"toolchain.sh"。

Yes,In fact,I'm on our city ream.

是的。事实上我是我们市队的。