可测量性

Experimental results show that the proposed method is fast, stable and accurate, and the measuring accuracy of the modified CCD laser autocollimator is improved from 2 arcsec to ±0.25 arcsec in 0.23 s using the proposed method.

实验结果表明，该定位方法稳定性好，定位精度高且实时性强，应用该方法改进后激光CCD自准直仪的测量精度由2"提高到±0.25"，且单次测量时间小于0.23 s，可满足激光CCD自准直仪在小角度测量和瞄准跟踪等领域的高精度实时测量需求。

Chapter four (application of chaos in measurement field): In this chapter firstly the sensitivity of initial values and parameters that chaos can be used in the measurement field has been analyzed quantitatively, on this basis, the necessary conditions of chaotic system that can be used in measurement are concluded and presented; then the mechanism of measurement implemented by subsection linear map chaotic system, the coordinating relationship between chaotic output signal and the values being measured, and the precision of system measurement are further analyzed quantitatively.

第四章（混沌在测量领域中的应用）首先对混沌可用于测量领域的初值敏性和参数敏感性进行了定性分析，在此基础上，归纳并提出了可用于测量的混沌系统应具有的必要条件；定量地分析了分段线性映射混沌系统实现信号测量的基本原理、输出混沌序列与被测量间的数值对应关系及系统的测量精度等问题；并以DSP为核心设计了混沌型电压测量系统；其次提出了混沌参数敏感性用于测量的基本思路，并对此进行了计算机仿真及原理性实验电路设计。

Chapter four (application of chaos in measurement field): In this chapter firstly the sensitivity of initial values and parameters that chaos can be used in the measurement field has been analyzed quantitatively, on this basis, the necessary conditions of chaotic system that can be used in measurement are concluded and presented; then the mechanism of measurement implemented by subsection linear map chaotic system, the coordinating relationship between chaotic output signal and the values being measured , and the precision of system measurement are further analyzed quantitatively . And a chaotic voltage measurement system using DSP is designed. Secondly a basic thought that thesensitivity of chaotic parameters can be used in measurement is presented and simulated. Its theoretical testing circuits are designed.

第四章(混沌在测量领域中的应用)首先对混沌可用于测量领域的初值敏性和参数敏感性进行了定性分析，在此基础上，归纳并提出了可用于测量的混沌系统应具有的必要条件；定量地分析了分段线性映射混沌系统实现信号测量的基本原理、输出混沌序列与被测量间的数值对应关系及系统的测量精度等问题；并以DSP为核心设计了混沌型电压测量系统；其次提出了混沌参数敏感性用于测量的基本思路，并对此进行了计算机仿真及原理性实验电路设计。

It has been widely used for the transient light property measurement of different explosive and shells, the light property parameters measurement of plane obstacle avoidance light and ship navigation mark lamp, pulsed Xenon lamp, camera flash light and various luminotrons in solid luminescence. It can also be used to measure source or flames, where are difficultly approached by means of fiber optic guidance. In addition, it finds wide use In medical treatment, biology and chemistry.

如军事上的各种火炸药、各种弹的瞬态光性测量；飞机防撞灯、轮船航标灯的瞬态光性参数测量；脉冲氙灯、照相机闪光灯光性参数测量、以及固体发光学中的各种发光管测量，还可对难以近距离测量的光源或火焰，采用光纤导光的手段进行测量，此外还在医疗、生物、化学等领域有着广泛的应用。

In order to resolve the repeatability of contact angle measurement, the factors such as droplet volume, measure time, hydrophilic and hydrophobic targets were studied by using deionized water on glass and paraffin surface.

针对喷雾液滴在靶标上接触角测量的重现性不佳等问题，以玻璃和石蜡模拟靶标表面，研究了去离子水在亲水和疏水靶标表面上液滴体积和测量时间对接触角测量的影响，结果表明：液滴体积越大接触角越小，这种趋势在亲水表面比疏水表面上更突出，测量时体积可分别选择在0.5~1μl和1~5μl；液滴滴下30-50s后与固体表面基本达到平衡，对接触角测量的准确度影响较小。

This means that the understanding of agricultural activities is still an important element in understanding modern rurality.

乡村性是描述、判断乡村之所以为乡村的标准，过去许多研究倾向透过实证取径的指标测量，描述乡村性组成之元素，对这样的研究而言，农业生产仅是对乡村性探讨中的一个变项，在农业活动已然式微的今日乡村中，有些学者认为农业已失去在乡村性讨论上的重要性，然而本研究从社会再现的观点思考乡村性，认为乡村居民日常言语所透露出的概念、意象、符号可作为描绘乡村形象的依据，而乡村民众日常言语的表现，又受其生活经验、所接收资讯等的影响，对部分生活在乡村的居民而言，仍视农业为其最重要的生活经验，这说明了对农业活动的理解，仍是探讨乡村性一个重要的面向。

Read and write of flash disk as USB host.According to the request of this subject, the system hardware and software for the slave device, and the communication interface to the master PC are developed. Detailed works are as follows: in order to implement the measurement principle in the system, flow-liquid levelmethod is used;velocity of flow is measured through rotor Kinemometer;water level is surveyedvia RS485 interface and pressure sensor;the C8051F060 chip which is in high performance andintegration, produced by Silicon Laboratories Company as master chip is used to capture and measure the width of impulses, so singals of flow velocity are collected and disposed;the 4×4 matrix keyboard and LCD are used in the part of man-machine interface which are easy to input, legible to read, various to display, comfy to be accepted and plain to show measure and inquiry results;FRAM memory FM3164 is used to carry out the non-volatile memory of data and accurate real-time clock.;SL811HST chip is used as USB host which can read and write flash disk,thereby a kind of adscititious mass storage is accomplished .

根据研制任务的要求，课题期间主要完成了下位机系统硬件和软件，设计了与上位机的通讯界面，所做的具体工作包括：测量原理在系统中的实现，采用了流速—水位计算法，通过旋桨式流速仪来测量流速，通过RS485接口与压力变送器通讯测量水位；主控制芯片采用了Silicon Laboratories公司的高性能、高集成度C8051F060芯片，利用其捕捉测脉宽的特性，实现了流速信号的采集和处理；人机接口部分采用了4×4矩阵键盘和LCD显示，输入方便，读数清晰，显示多样化，信息量大，易于被用户接受，更直观地显示测量及查询结果；通过采用铁电存储器FM3164实现了数据的非易失性存储和精确的实时时钟；通过采用SL811HST芯片，实现了USB主机的功能，可读写U盘，从而实现了单片机的外挂式海量存储。

The availability of detailed acoustic array measurements on the same turbines provides a unique possibility to assess the predictions not only in terms of source spectra and overall sound levels, but also in terms of the noise source distribution in the rotor plane as a function of frequency and observer position.

详细的音响列阵测量的可及性在同样涡轮提供一种独特的可能性估计预言不仅根据来源光谱和整体声音强度，而且根据噪声源发行在电动子飞机作为频率和观察员位置功能。

It is established through a series of comparative measurements using a hierarchy of measurement procedures and calibrators.

结果 溯源性是指测量结果能与一公认的标准相联系的属性，它通过一系列对比测量而建立，对比测量中的测量过程和校准物有不同的计量学等级，较高等级的称参考测量过程和参考物质，可统称参考系统，是量值溯源的基础。

Virtual Instrument is the product of modern surveying and computer technology, and it uses digital technology and software to improve the flexibility and expandability of the test.

它是现代测量技术和计算机技术结合的产物，用数字化和软件技术提高测试的灵活性和可扩充性。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。