古代

Secondly, the Raman spectra of five familiar jades including nephrite, Xiuyan Jade, Dushan Jade (mainly composed of anorthite and Zoisite), turquoise and lapis lazuli were summarized respectively.

然后分别通过对浙江良渚遗址和河南安阳殷墟遗址出土的4件中国古代玉器与新疆和田地区出产的软玉样品进行对比研究，成功地利用激光拉曼光谱技术对一批中国古代玉器进行了无损鉴定，从而阐明该项技术在中国古代玉器结构测试和材质鉴定中是一种很好的无损分析研究方法。

I think that this sentence means Asia,America,Africa,Europe and Parcific,to the four sea,in my idea,these stands for the Parcific Ocean,the Atlantic Ocean,the Indian Ocean and the Antarctic Ocean.

其实这是中国古代的说法，古代传说天下有四海，南海，北海，东海，西海，由于这个词是古代的词，所以就应该是这四个海，而不是现代意义上的太平洋，大西洋，印度洋，北冰洋。

The form discussion studies Liang Zongdai and Ye Gongchao respectively introduced and spreaded the French imagism and British and American formalism. The Poem special issue in the literature and art supplement of Ta kung Pao Newspaper and New Poetry organized twice discussions in poetic forms. The pure poetry school introduced that the modernists introduced the western and ancient pure poetry theories: from Baudelaire, Mallarme, Vale'ry, H. Read, A. Bremond to J.M. Murray, and the basic idea and difference of pure poetry. Besides, a lot of modem poets became greatly interested in pursuit heat of the pure poetry in late Tang and Nan Song dynasties, studying the development and variation of pure poetry. Music theory argues that modernists make introduction and reform on the western and Chinese music theory. He Qifang and Bian Zhilin continue the topic to the contemporary time, and put forward the theoretical frames in Chinese poetry. Rhyme and rhythm theory make researches on the introduction and reform of French symbolism and British and American modernists' rhyme and rhythm theory, making studies on the Chinese new form poetry and its thyme and rhythm theory.

纯诗论是形式论的重心；对西方和古代的纯诗理论之引入，引进了从坡到波德莱尔、马拉美、瓦莱里、默里、里达、白瑞蒙的纯诗理论；纯诗理论的基本内涵与差异；诸多现代派诗人掀起了晚唐南宋纯诗热，对姜夔、严羽作了新的理解；对纯诗理论的发展和变异，含梁宗岱的现象学形式论，何其芳的唯美论与形式论，现代派诸人的诗本体论；梁宗岱对纯诗理论的中国化研究，含梁宗岱的超越性与形式性，"超验"与"妙悟"的比较研究与形态超脱性的比较研究；中西纯诗形态的超脱性等；现代派纯诗论是对初期白话诗理论的清算，对新月派、象征派探索的总结和发展，音乐论是对纯诗论的延伸和对格律论的发展；现代派引入研究了西方诗学音乐论理论，含坡、瓦莱里、里德的纯诗音乐论、抽象音乐论、各种具体的音乐论技术论点；引入了中国古代诗学中关于诗与音乐、音韵、音顿、音义、平仄双声叠韵等音乐的理论；进行了两次关于新诗音乐论的大讨论；在节奏、音顿、音韵三方面借鉴了西方的理论，同时改造了古代的格律理论，扬弃了平仄说，何其芳、卞之琳把新诗音乐论命题延续到当代，提出了汉诗音乐论的理论框架。

It is deemed here that the legitimacy of power under the peculiar conditions of ancient societies was destined by the other world outside of human beings', such as religion, theology, etc. In ancient societies, the power and governance were justified by means of God's will, divine regulations, exceptional human power and exterior transcendentalism.

本文认为，在古代社会特有的历史条件下，古代社会中权力的合法性由宗教、神学等外在于人的彼岸世界所支撑，古代社会的权力，往往要借助神的意志或是神法规则，借助超人的力量和外在的先验秩序来赋予自身统治的合法性。

To discover the originality and national characteristics of ancient China Library Science, and to find the inheritance relationship between modern Library Science and ancient China Library Science, this paper demonstrates the identity of ancient China Documentation and ancient China Library Science and study the their knowledge theory orientation by adducing evidences.

为发掘中国古代图书馆学的原创性与民族特色，疏通中国古代图书馆学与现代图书馆学的因承关系，本文从文献学路径出发，论证了文献学与中国古代图书馆学的同一性，并运用文献举证与&知识考古&的方法，全面考察了中国古代图书馆学的知识论取向。

The Chinese ancient theatrical costume 's genesis relates to the origins of the Chinese Ancient Drama and the Chinese ancient clothing. Since the Chinese Ancient Drama comes of the primitive men 's roll playing and the Chinese clothing comes of the primitive men 's dressing themselves up. So the Chinese ancient theatrical costume comes of the primitive men 's primping up themselves for roll playing.

中国古代戏剧服饰的起源与中国古代戏剧和中国古代服饰的起源都密切相关，戏剧起源于原始人的角色扮演，服饰产生于原始人对自身的装饰，因此，中国古代的戏剧服饰起源于原始人通过装饰自身而进行的角色扮演。

With new analysis methods used in the comparative study of ancient mural techniques, in this chapter, some unique materials and techniques for ancient murals were discovered for the first time, such as the use of natural lac dye. This demonstrated the influence of Indian materials and techniques on Chinese ancient mural techniques, as recorded in Chinese document Yingzaofashi.

本章在古代壁画制作技术的比较研究中应用了新的分析技术，首次发现了一些用于古代壁画制作的独特材料和工艺，如使用天然虫胶染料，证明了印度材料和工艺对中国古代壁画技术的影响，这些影响在记录我国古代技术的《营造法式》一书中得到印证。

The reason included five aspects:①the effect of physical environment: the open geographical environment and barren soil urge the Greeks to look for development outward while the close geographical environment and advantaged condition for agriculture shaped the Chinese conservative thought and obstructed their steps of going out.②the advancing and blocking of the economic: the frequent trade offered an abundant living supply and open view while the self-sufficient agriculture with restraining trade rigidified the thought.③ the difference in politic institute and situation: the democracy polis of ancient Greece is exclusive in the ancient world. It shaped the atmosphere of freedom, democracy and adversary. While the monarchy in ancient China pursued the "united country" and shaped the atmosphere serving for politic and consolidating thoughts.④the guiding of traditional culture: the Greeks pursued freedom and wisdom and were curious about nature while the Chinese adored ancestor and obeyed the authority and prefer to pragmatism.

出现这种关系的原因本文从以下五点进行分析：①自然环境的影响：古希腊开放的地理环境和贫瘠的土壤种植条件促使古希腊人向外寻求发展，而古代中国封闭的地理环境和优越的农业环境阻碍了中华民族外出的脚步和开放的思维；②经济条件的推动与束缚：工商业发展的农业经济和自给自足的小农经济所创造的物质条件和对思维影响的差别是很大的；③政治制度和政治形势的差异：古希腊民主城邦制在古代世界是独树一帜的，它所营造的自由、民主的氛围和古代中国追求&大一统&的君主专制下为政治服务、思想趋向统一的氛围截然不同；④传统文化的引导：古希腊人在长期的城邦生活和参与海外贸易的生活中形成的开放、自由、对自然充满好奇、追求智慧等民族文化传统与中国保守崇古、讲究实用的文化传统形成了鲜明的对比；⑤思想家本身(来源：A58BC论文网www.abclunwen.com)目的不同：古希腊思想家为了变得智慧而获取知识，享受知识带来的乐趣，而古代中国思想家的一切动机都是为了&成化天下&、&以政裕民&服务。

The reason included five aspects:①the effect of physical environment: the open geographical environment and barren soil urge the Greeks to look for development outward while the close geographical environment and advantaged condition for agriculture shaped the Chinese conservative thought and obstructed their steps of going out.②the advancing and blocking of the economic: the frequent trade offered an abundant living supply and open view while the self-sufficient agriculture with restraining trade rigidified the thought.③ the difference in politic institute and situation: the democracy polis of ancient Greece is exclusive in the ancient world. It shaped the atmosphere of freedom, democracy and adversary. While the monarchy in ancient China pursued the "united country" and shaped the atmosphere serving for politic and consolidating thoughts.④the guiding of traditional culture: the Greeks pursued freedom and wisdom and were curious about nature while the Chinese adored ancestor and obeyed the authority and prefer to pragmatism.

出现这种关系的原因本文从以下五点进行分析：①自然环境的影响：古希腊开放的地理环境和贫瘠的土壤种植条件促使古希腊人向外寻求发展，而古代中国封闭的地理环境和优越的农业环境阻碍了中华民族外出的脚步和开放的思维；②经济条件的推动与束缚：工商业发展的农业经济和自给自足的小农经济所创造的物质条件和对思维影响的差别是很大的；③政治制度和政治形势的差异：古希腊民主城邦制在古代世界是独树一帜的，它所营造的自由、民主的氛围和古代中国追求&大一统&的君主专制下为政治服务、思想趋向统一的氛围截然不同；④传统文化的引导：古希腊人在长期的城邦生活和参与海外贸易的生活中形成的开放、自由、对自然充满好奇、追求智慧等民族文化传统与中国保守崇古、讲究实用的文化传统形成了鲜明的对比；⑤思想家本身目的不同：古希腊思想家为了变得智慧而获取知识，享受知识带来的乐趣，而古代中国思想家的一切动机都是为了&成化天下&、&以政裕民&服务。

This article outlines the progress of ancient Chinese lenses from the Pre-Qin Period to the Five Dynasties, and discusses mainly two arguments: First, the"yangsui" recorded and narrated in Lun Heng by Wang Chong of Eastern Han Dynasty may be a plano-convex glass lens; secondly, the"four mirrors" recorded and narrated in Tanzi Hua Shu by Tan Qiao of Southern Tang Dynasty may be a plano-convex lens, a biconvex lens, a transparent planeparallel plate and a concave-convex lens respectively, but what kind of tra...

本文概述了中国古代透镜从先秦到五代的发展进程，着重从古代文献和出土文物的研究出发，结合中国古代社会经济发展水平，论证了东汉王充《论衡》中记述的阳燧可能是玻璃平凸透镜；论证了南唐谭峭的《谭子化书》中记述的&四镜&可能是平凸透镜、双凸透镜、平光镜和凹凸透镜。作者认为《谭子化书》&四镜&段可能实际上是对中国古代透镜发展的阶段性总结。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。