发育

These results suggest that in the central nervous system of small mammals, AP waveforms mature rapidly in many types of neurons, thus, coordinated activities in neuronal circuits may occur. In early postnatal development, GABA receptor mainly mediates an excitation effect, depolarizes P6 MGBv neurons and dramatically increases the frequency of AP firing. Inhibition of GABA receptor matures slowly along with increment of postnatal days.

结论大鼠MGBv神经元的AP波形成熟较快，可在中枢神经系统的神经元环路中产生协调性的活动；在MGBv神经元发育早期，GABA主要作为兴奋性神经递质而发挥作用，它可使P6的MGBv神经元产生去极化，AP发放频率显著增加，随着出生后日龄的增加，GABA受体的抑制作用才逐渐发育成熟。

Other ground had reported that the level of mouse bex1 mRNA differenced with the development stage of testis, but nothing had been known about its functions in brain. We cloned the mouse Bex1 gene and characterization of its expression pattern in the mouse central nervous system.

我们首先克隆得到小鼠的Bex1基因，检测小鼠不同发育时期胚胎中Bex1mRNA的表达变化情况，发现它在成年鼠脑中的表达量大大低于小鼠胚胎，说明它确实与小鼠脑的发育相关。

The development of NOS positive cells is connected with the surface epitheliums and glands of gastric mucous closely.

胃粘膜内NOS阳性细胞的发育与胃粘膜上皮细胞及胃腺的发育密切相关。

Density of gully in this area is so high that it can reach 20km/km2; the erosive intensity varies with the different gully developmental stage; at the most active and densely gullied area, it has the most erosive intensity.

研究表明，包括切沟在内的黄土丘陵区的沟谷密度值可高达20 km/km~2以上；黄土冲沟的发育阶段不同，其侵蚀强度也相应变化；切沟发育最活跃和最密集的地段，其侵蚀强度也最大。

This also loosens the constraints against failure, so the earlier the mutation is in development, the less likely it will be workable.

这样也放松了对抗发育失败所需的束缚，因此，发育过程中来得越早的突变，越不可能是有用的。

At the same time,some ovule-specific cDNA clones in Orchid and Petunia flowers had been isolated and among them MADS Box genes may be responsible for the ovule differentiation and formation.

同时，已分别从蝶兰和矮牵牛的胚珠中分离出一批胚珠发育特异的基因，其中有关MADS Box 基因在胚珠形成和发育中的作用研究得比较清楚，基因转化工作证实胚珠的分化和形成受一类新的MADS Box基因控制。

But the effects of straw manuring on growth and yield was obviously greater in early rice than in late rice.

但秸秆还田对早稻生长发育的影响明显大于对晚稻生长发育的影响。

The third-stage larvae were developed to fourth-stage larvae (the most optimal develop rate was 41%) when cultured in defined complete medium, further, cultured in defined incomplete medium, was examined no develop and a poorly survival rate. When the third-stage larvae were cultured in the defined complete medium under 37℃ and 5% CO2 in air, the larvae were began to develop to the fourth-stage larvae in cultured for 30 days, being enclosed within the sheaths of the third molts of life cycle.

广东住血线虫的第三期幼虫以MEM medium添加胺基酸、脂肪酸及碳水化合物的培养基在37℃含有5％ CO2的无菌培养箱中，培养至第21天已发育至第三期幼虫中期的阶段，第24天已发育至第三期幼虫末期的阶段，第30天开始出现带鞘的第四期幼虫，第36天则观察到虫体明显变长并蜕去外鞘及第三期幼虫特有的眼点消失的第四期幼虫。

Our study includes four aspects. In the first aspect we study several important conditions of porcine oocytes maturation in vitro and oocytes cleavage after parthenogenetic activation and found mNCSU-23+15IU/mlPMSG+20IU/mlHCG+15% PFF+0.57mMcysteine is a good culture condition .When the Cocs are cultured in it ,the maturation rate and oocytes cleavage rate are higher than those of foreign covered. Our result are (86.7±3.35)% and (86.3±4.16)% and the highest report of foreign is(85.7±4.1)%.In the second aspect we study the effect of different chemical activations on development of porcine parthennogenetic embryo and found two best activation method. The first one is that putting the maturation MII oocytes in the 20μmol/L ionomycin for 30 minutes and then putting them in the NCSU-23 condition containing 5μg/mICB and 5mM/L6-DMAP for 3.5 hours, the oocytes cleavage rate and morulae/blastocysts development rate are (76.7±7.6)% and (37.1±6.4)%.The second one is that putting the maturation MII oocytes in the 200μM/L Thimerosal for 20 minutes and then putting them in the NCSU-23 condition containing 8mM DTT for 30 minutes

本研究分为4个部分，第一部分对影响猪卵母细胞体外成熟和孤雌激活后胚胎分裂的几个重要条件进行了比较研究，确立了一种较好的培养方法：与颗粒细胞共培养，找到了一种适合猪卵母细胞体外成熟的培养基：mNCSU-23+15IU/mlPMSG+20IU/mlHCG+15%PFF+0.57mM半胱氨酸，成熟率和分裂率分别为(86.7±3.35)%和(86.3±4.16)%，国外报道的最高成熟率为(85.7±4.1)%；第二部分对猪卵母细胞孤雌激活的化学方法进行了研究，确立了化学激活猪卵母细胞的两种最佳方法：1将成熟的去卵丘颗粒细胞的MII期卵母细胞用20μmol/Lionomycin作用30min，再将卵母细胞培养于含5μg/mlCB和5mM/L 6-DMAP(6-二甲基氨基嘌呤)的NCSU-23培养液中，卵裂率和桑囊胚发育率达到(76.7±7.6)%和(37.1±6.4)%2将成熟的去卵丘颗粒细胞的MII期卵母细胞在200μM/L的Thimerosal中处理20min，再与8mM的DTT共孵育30min，卵裂率和桑/囊胚形成率为(81.0±2.8)%和(39.6±2.7)%；第三部分对孤雌激活胚胎的培养条件进行了研究，确立了一种最佳的胚胎培养条件：在SOF简单培养基中添加颗粒细胞进行前3天的培养，然后转入添加胎牛血清的NCSU—23培养基并和输卵管上皮细胞进行后期的培养，其桑椹胚和囊胚的发育率为(59.5±3.2)%；第四部分研究了IGF-I

Following chemical activation, blastocysts rate of the treated oocytes was similar to untreated oocytes.8 Following fertilization, however, few oocytes inhibited with CHX developed into morulae/blastocysts, due to a high incidence of polyspermy.9 Cortical granule migration occurred during inhibition, but CHX inhibition impaired CG migration, significantly no oocytes inhibited by CHX completed CG migration after maturation.10 CHX inhibition had no effects onα-microtubles and microfilaments of goat oocytes.

抑制24h转为正常培养24h，不影响卵母细胞的成熟和孤雌激活能力，并且CHX抑制后再成熟的卵母细胞经孤雌激活发育到囊胚的比例与对照组卵母细胞相似。8、体外受精后，CHX抑制后再成熟卵母细胞的多精受精现象显著增加，发育到桑椹胚/囊胚的比例显著低于对照组。9、CHX抑制过程中皮质颗粒仍能发生迁移，但是CHX抑制会对皮质颗粒的迁移造成不可恢复的损伤，使再成熟的卵母细胞内皮质颗粒不能完全迁移。10、CHX抑制对山羊卵母细胞α-微管和微丝都没有影响，无论是抑制后处于生发泡期的卵母细胞，还是抑制后再成熟的卵母细胞，微管和微丝的分布都与对照卵母细胞相似。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。