发光性

The significant improvement might be caused by the Cu substrate which has higher thermal conductivity than conventional Sapphire substrate. However, Cu substrate is a ductile metal plate and easy to deform during the processing. The deformation of the Cu substrate will destroy the LEDs that were bonded on the Cu substrate. Finally, LEDs will be fabricated on the patterned Cu/Si substrate to make high-power LEDs and solve the deformation problem in processing.

主要是因为利用铜基材去取代蓝宝石基板使其具有较高的散热性，可以使元件在较高的饱和电流下驱动以达到高功率的目标，然而，铜金属是延展性佳的材料，因此，在整个元件的制做过程中，易造成发光二极体元件毁坏，利用本实验的方法可以提升制造高功率发光二极体之良率。

An organic electroluminescence device is a high electric field devices which depends on charge carrier injection, but is different from inorganic LED.

有机电致发光器件是载流子注入性器件，但又与无机发光二极管不同，属于高场器件。

The usually used electron-transporting materials have disadvantages.They can be easily formed crystal,have lower electron affinity,a narrow gap and difficult to limit the complex exciton to the luminescence layer,all of these disadvantages limit,their application.

有机电致发光材料中常用的电子传输材料容易结晶和低的电子亲和性限制了它的应用；并且能隙较窄，难以将复合激子限制在发光层。

It has been widely used for the transient light property measurement of different explosive and shells, the light property parameters measurement of plane obstacle avoidance light and ship navigation mark lamp, pulsed Xenon lamp, camera flash light and various luminotrons in solid luminescence. It can also be used to measure source or flames, where are difficultly approached by means of fiber optic guidance. In addition, it finds wide use In medical treatment, biology and chemistry.

如军事上的各种火炸药、各种弹的瞬态光性测量；飞机防撞灯、轮船航标灯的瞬态光性参数测量；脉冲氙灯、照相机闪光灯光性参数测量、以及固体发光学中的各种发光管测量，还可对难以近距离测量的光源或火焰，采用光纤导光的手段进行测量，此外还在医疗、生物、化学等领域有着广泛的应用。

The chemical composition, crystal morphology, fluid inclusions and thermoluminescent characteristics of non-metallic mineral s such as quartz and carbonate from the Jindoushan gold deposit were studied in detail.

对产于烟台金斗山金矿内的贯通性非金属矿物石英及碳酸盐类的化学成分、晶体习性、流体包裹体和天然热发光特征做了研究，结果表明，矿床的主成矿阶段的环境介质为酸性偏中性，富矿和贫矿石英的热发光曲线均为双峰型，但峰点温度、总积分强度有显著差异。

Some commonly agreed findings of legibility research include: text set in lower case is more legible than text set all in upper case, presumably because lower case letter structures and word shapes are more distinctive, having greater saliency with the presence of extenders (ascenders, descenders and other projecting parts); regular upright type is found to be more legible that italics, contrast, without dazzling brightness, has also been found to be important, with black on yellow/cream being most effective; positive images are easier to read than negative or reversed; the upper portions of letters play a stonger part than the lower portions in the recognition process; legibility is compromised by letterspacing, word spacing and leading that are too tight or too loose.

在易读性研究方面达成的共识包括：小写字母的文本要比全大写字母的文本易读，大致是由于小写字母的结构和词语形状更容易区分，特征更明显——带有延展性的笔画（ascenders上伸笔画， descenders下伸笔画、以及其他的伸展性笔画部件）；标准体字形的易读性要优于斜体；对比很重要——不要用那些耀眼的发光效果；在黄色/奶油色底上使用黑色文字最有效；阳文要比阴文易读；在识别过程中，字母的上部形状要比下部形状发挥更重要的作用；字母间距、词间距和行间距太密集或太松散也会降低易读性。

Some commonly agreed findings of legibility research include: text set in lower case is more legible than text set all in upper case, presumably because lower case letter structures and word shapes are more distinctive, having greater saliency with the presence of extenders (ascenders, descenders and other projecting parts); regular upright type is found to be more legible that italics, contrast, without dazzling brightness, has also been found to be important, with black on yellow/cream being most effective; positive images are easier to read than negative or reversed; the upper portions of letters play a stonger part than the lower portions in the recognition process; legibility is compromised by letterspacing, word spacing and leading that are too tight or too loose.

在易读性研究方面达成的共识包括：小写字母的文本要比全大写字母的文本易读，大致是由于小写字母的结构和词语形状更容易区分，特征更明显——带有延展性的笔画（ascenders上伸笔画， descenders下伸笔画、以及其他的伸展性笔画部件）；标准体字形的易读性要优于斜体；对比很重要——不要有那些耀眼的发光效果；在黄色/奶油色底上使用黑色文字最有效；阳文要比阴文易读；在识别过程中，字母的上部形状要比下部形状发挥更重要的作用；字母间距、词间距和行间距太密集或太松散也会降低易读性。

We note from the further studies that in the crystals, which sharing the similar crystal structures and coordinational environments, the magnitude of the Stokes shift of the luminescence of the dopant ion is in line with the average covalency of the replaced lattice site. This is because that the nature of Stokes shift is the energy transfer from the luminescent ion to the host lattice. The value of this energy is determined by the frequency of the host lattice in which the frequency is controlled by the chemical bond characters.

更深入的研究发现，在晶体结构和中心离子配位环境非常相似的系列晶体中，掺杂离子发射光的Stokes位移值与其所取代格位的平均共价性成正比的关系，这是由于Stokes位移的本质是发光离子在发光过程中向基质以光波辐射的形式传递能量，这一能量的大小是由基质的振动频率决定的，而基质的化学键性质恰恰决定着基质的振动频率。

Therefore, the EL spectra of (Znq_2)_4 is wider than that of Znq_2. 4._2 was synthesized. The analysis of molecular spatial structure and the characterization of material performance of_2 and Liq showed that two Liq molecules and two Naq molecules were connected by Na-O-Na bond bridges to form_2. Compared with Liq,_2 exhibits stronger rigidity in planar molecular structure, larger steric hindrance and intermolecular distance, and much smaller molecular polarity, thus resulting in much longer fluorescence lifetime, much higher fluorescence quantum efficiency, wider energy bandgap and better film formability. When used as light-emitting layer in OLED,_2 shows lower formation probability of excited dimmer and exciplex formation than Liq, thus emits bluer light with higher current efficiency than Liq. When_2 ultrathin film is used as electron injection layer in OLED, it exhibits higher current density, higher luminance, lower turn-on voltage and higher current efficiency than Liq ultrathin film for the existence of sodium ions in_2 ultrathin film. 5. The summarization the relationship between molecular spatial structure and material performance of Alq_3,(Znq_2) and Liq, lead the conclusion that the molecular spatial structure of Mq_n affects its material performance in such aspects as the rigidity of planar molecular structure, intermolecular interaction, molecule stacking mode and intermolecular distance.

制备了_2，通过对_2和Liq的分子空间结构与性能进行分析与讨论，发现_2是通过两个Na-O-Na键桥将两个Liq和两个Naq连接构成的，其分子平面结构的刚性程度强于Liq，空间位阻大于Liq，分子之间的距离大于Liq，分子极性远远小于Liq；_2的荧光寿命长于Liq，荧光量子效率高于Liq，成膜性优于Liq；_2的禁带宽度比Liq大，光致发光光谱中_2的最大发射峰较Liq发生蓝移；当_2在OLED中作为发光层时，激发二聚体与激基复合物的生成几率远远小于Liq，发的光比Liq更蓝，电流效率大于Liq；_2超薄膜中有Na离子的存在，与Liq超薄膜相比，当其在OLED中作为电子注入层时，具有更大的电流密度，更高的发光强度，更低的阈值电压和更高的电流效率 5、对上述Alq_3、Znq_2和Liq的分子空间结构与材料性能之间的关系进行了归纳总结，认为Mq_n的分子空间结构主要在分子平面结构的刚性程度，相邻分子之间的相互作用，分子堆叠的方式和分子之间的距离这四个方面影响其性能。

The results show that the as-synthesized chalcone-containing copolymers are a kind of thermosensitive polymer with a lower critic solution temperature and the LCST of the copolymer decreases with the increase of the chalcone content in the copolymer. With the increase of the solvent polarity, both the maximum absorption wavelength and the fluorescence emitting wavelength of the chalcone-containing copolymers redshifts, and the intensity of fluorescence first increases, then decreases, which exhibits solvent polarity sensitive fluorescence properties.

结果表明，侧链查尔酮共聚物是一类具有低临界溶解温度的温敏性聚合物，其LCST温度随着共聚物中查尔酮含量的增加而降低；随着溶剂极性的增加，侧链查尔酮共聚物的紫外-可见最大吸收波长红移，其荧光发光波长红移并且发光强度先增强后降低，具有溶剂极性敏感的荧光特性；同时对比侧链查尔酮共聚物水溶液低温和高温下的荧光，发现低温下几乎无荧光，高温下其荧光得到明显增强，其荧光具有可逆的温度&开/关&特性。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。