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It solves the imaging problem in great contrast. In chapter 2, the author deeply studies and analyzes the arithmetic of the method of Born approximation inversion and points out the limitations and disadvantage of the method. The good inverse results can be obtained in little disturbance by Born approximation.

本文提出的反演理论，考虑到散射序列中高阶项对成像结果的影响，在反演时利用逆散射序列中的高阶项以弥补散射场数据的丢失，使得在大扰动量的情况下同样能够实现界面位置和形态的精确成像，解决了大对比度情况下的成像问题。

Sensitivity comparison between the novel one-step RT-PCR and DAS-ELISA for PVX revealed that the former method was 20 times more sensitive than the later one. The novel one-step RT-PCR system was also successfully tested with field samples of turnip mosaic virus in 8 different crucifer vegetable crops.

为验证该设想，本研究建立了一步RT-PCR技术扩增体系，并利用该体系扩增和分析了国内几种蔬菜作物部分CMV分离物的2b基因序列同源性，选择特定分离物的全长2b基因，先利用PVX侵染性载体初步分析其正义和反义序列间的互作，再构建植物表达载体转化烟草和番茄，并研究转基因烟草抗CMV的表现，获得了抗CMV的转基因烟草植株。

In every period, do the following operations:# For each 8*8 block, do the discrete cosine transform, then take out direct current coefficient in each block, using the transformation above for each DC coefficient, the gold stands for the code of the spread-spectrum we use when embedding the different watermark bit in different frames, after all of the watermark information which we want to embed is embedded, then do the inverse discrete cosine transformation, and store the current frame in a new file.

于是利用DCT变换域的这点重要的几何不变性，我们可以推导出一种能够抵抗几何攻击的视频水印算法，即将所需要嵌入的水印信息以127位扩频序列作为辅助，以求和值形式嵌入到DCT变换后的每个宏块的每个DC系数当中，具体嵌入和提取算法如下：根据使用的扩频序列的长度N，基于相关的嵌入器需要选取包含N帧的视频子序列，令这N帧视频子序列作为一个嵌入周期，对于每N帧视频子序列做如下的操作，#即对于每个8×8的像素块进行DCT变换，然后取出每个DCT变换后的直流分量，对于每个DC系数，做如上所述的变换，其中gold为在第k帧中嵌入第i位水印信息时使用的扩频码字值，待将所有需要嵌入的水印信息全部嵌入后，再做反DCT变换，保存当前帧。

According to the above study results, especially the steady operation of two-sludge system（2A/O+N 2SBR）, it can be proved that denitrification and excess phosphorus uptake are relatively independent and intersectant biological processes. The overlap is that denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteriawhich possesses the two bacterial metabolisms, could utilize nitrate as an electron acceptor for phosphorus uptake. The two-sludge system can not only combined biological phosphorus removal and denitrification processes to form a process in practical wastwater treatment , but also solved the main difficulties of current single-sludge systems:①the sludge age competition between phosphorus removing bacteria and nitrifier;② the substrate competition between denitrification and dephosphatation.

以上的研究结果，尤其是时间序列的双泥生物反硝化除磷脱氮系统工艺（2A/O+N 2SBR法）的稳定运行，不仅证明了生物脱氮与生物除磷是两个既相对独立又相互交叉的生理过程，其交叉点是同时拥有硝酸盐还原性和超量吸磷这两种生化特性的细菌进行的反硝化吸磷脱氮生化反应，而且双泥系统工艺克服了常规单泥生物脱氮除磷工艺的两大问题（①聚磷菌和硝化菌的SRT相互干扰；②反硝化与生物除磷竞争VFA），同时保证了脱氮和除磷效果，排水指标达到污水综合排水标准（GB8978-1996）的一级标准，具有实际工程使用价值。

Analysis of grey models between the environmental essential parameters of seawater and the growth of Prorocentrum sigmoides Bohm in Dapeng Bay,South China Sea;2. The relations between the growth of Noctiluca scintillans, Prorocentrum sigmoides Bohm ,zooplankton and physical,chemical factors of seawater were studied in this paper.

研究大鹏湾夜光藻、反曲原甲藻、浮游动物种群增殖与浮游动物和海水理化因子之间的关系，采用的方法是根据它们的种群增殖态势与浮游动物和理化因子的比较，依据空间理论的数学基础，按照规范性、偶对称性、整体性和接近性这四条原则，确定参考数列（母序列：夜光藻和反曲原甲藻、浮游动物）和若干比较数列（子序列：浮游动物和海水理化因子）之间的关联度。

Subclones used for synthesis of antisense RNA probes were generated and identified as PKCa and PKCP by partial sequence analysis, restriction mapping,and comparison with the published mouse PKCa (32) and PKC,8I (33) sequences.

亚克隆用于合成的反义核酸探针产生的，并确定为pkca和pkcp部分序列分析，限制性测绘，并与已公布的小鼠pkca （ 32 ）和pkc ， 8i数据库（ 33 ）的序列。

Firstly,the wavelet-based contourlet coding using an SPIHT-like algorithm is utilized on the plain image,and as a result,the compressed datum stream could be achieved which is then mapped to a 3D bit matrix. Afterward,a chaotic sequence is generated by Lorenz chaotic map,and it is preprocessed to a bit sequence which is used to permute and substitute the elements of the 3D bit matrix achieved above. In the end,the processed 3D matrix is mapped back to datum stream,and the encrypted compressed image could be achieved if decoding and inverse transform are performed on the datum stream.

首先采用基于小波的Contourlet变换的类等级树集合分割编码算法对明文图像进行压缩，得到压缩数据流，然后将压缩数据流映射为一个三维位矩阵；利用Lorenz混沌映射产生混沌序列，并对其进行预处理得到比特值序列，根据比特值序列对上述三维位矩阵进行置乱和替代操作；将置乱和替代后的位矩阵重新映射为数据流，并对其进行解码和反变换操作，得到加密后的压缩图像。

Neural networks based on local sequence and amino acid component with the best structures and linear equation are constructed. The results of testing to the networks indicate that the forming of cis-proline has distinct relationships with local sequence and amino acid component. A new method for peptidyl prolyl cis/trans conformation prediction based on the theory of support vector machines was introduced. The SVM represents a new approach to supervised pattern classification and has been successfully applied to a wide range of pattern recognition problems.

通过运用神经网络与线性拟合的方法，揭示了脯氨酸局部序列、肽链氨基酸组分对于顺式脯氨酸形成与否的影响，构造了基于局部序列和基于氨基酸组分的最优结构的神经网络，以及线性拟合方程，同时对顺式脯氨酸进行了筛选，结果表明，利用神经网络的方法可以提高顺式脯氨酸筛选时的信噪比，脯氨酸采取顺式还是反式构象与其局部的序列以及整条肽链的氨基酸组分均有较强的关联。

By transcriptomic analysis, we found that there were 128 genes had both the sense and anti-sense transcripts our previous CB EST data. Unexpectedly, fifteen proteins with the corresponding antisense RNAs were identified in the proteomic study, implying that these sense RNAs could be translationally expressed, without being completely interrupted by the antisense RNAs.

在转录组中有128个基因的反义转录本以及相应的正义转录本序列，我们意外地发现，具有反义转录本的15个蛋白质出现在蛋白质组数据中，这个有趣的现象说明在反义转录本存在的条件下，正义转录本可以转录表达，而没有完全被反义转录本阻断。

Based on the return map and the principle of closed vectors, a new method is proposed to extract unstable periodic orbits embedded in chaotic attractors. As examples, the UPOs embedded in chaotic attractors of Logistic, Hénon and Lorenz are extracted respectively by this method. And our results of Skewed Hénon map also be compared with Nusse's. These results suggest that this method is valid for unstable periodic orbits from period one to period infinite of arbitrary dimension chaotic system. The dynamic considerations of spiking and UPO coding for individual neuron and neural system under external periodic and chaotic exciting stimulus also be studied in this dissertation. A lot of spiking phenomena, such as synchronization, period, and chaos appear alternatively with the changing of the stimulus frequency. For the small stimulus frequency the neuron could completely convey the periodic signal in synchronous anti-phase into interspike intervals sequences. For the slow time–scale chaotic input, the output two ISI sequences are reciprocally related to input signals, and their oscillation wave shape in time course can be derived from that of the input signals variation, furthermore, the similar input sequence and order of UPOs, distribution of LES and value of KYD remain in attractors reconstructed from ISI sequences.

发现周期信号在单个神经元传递过程中，随着激励频率的改变，神经元输出的峰峰间期interspike interval时间序列呈现出周期、混沌和准周期的交错变化，特别当外加激励信号频率较低时，周期信号可以通过神经元ISI序列以反相同步的周期运动形式传递下去；同时无论是周期还是混沌激励信号，在神经系统中的传递均与其自身强度和神经元之间的耦合强度的大小密切相关；快变时间尺度的混沌激励信号在耦合的神经系统传递过程中，会造成大量基本信息的丢失；而慢变时间尺度的混沌激励信号在神经系统传递中，它的非线性特征信息，如混沌吸引子、不稳定周期轨道、Lyapunov指数谱和分形维数，会通过系统输出的ISI序列部分地重现出来，如与输入慢变时间尺度的混沌激励信号相比，神经系统输出的ISI序列具有：相似几何形状的混沌吸引子、相近的Lyapunov指数谱和分形维数、局部结构相同的不稳定周期轨道的排列方式。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。