初中

This paper is based on the current situation of secondary mathematics inquiry learning and devoted to improving the teaching practice level of the secondary mathematics Inquiry Learning.

本文立足于初中数学研究性学习的现状，致力于提高初中数学研究性学习的实践水平。

For the sake of the loose of knowledge structure , The writer make student use Concept Mapping to accelerate student to self-question for the study process and the review. For validate the scenario ,the dissertation selected 176 students (12~14 years old ) in three middle and primary schools in Guangdong Province. And these cases are being happened but solved not yet .

这些参与者分别从自身的生活实际出发，选择身边正在发生但尚未解决的现实问题作为问题解决的主题，这些主题分别是：广东韶关田家炳中学初中一年级实验班学生选择的"水泥厂问题调查"；深圳南山实验学校六年级学生决定的"前海公园调查"；广东马坝二中初中二年级同学选定的"马一中搬迁问题"。

The writer investigates the junior teacher stress state by using questionairs and talking . The conclusions are as follows : 1 Junior teacher occupational stress is too intensitive. 80.28% investigated teachers said that their occupational stress was too intensitive.

本文在问卷调查的基础上，结合访谈法和文献法，对初中教师职业压力现状进行了初步研究，并得出如下结论：1、初中教师普遍承受着较大的职业压力。

Chapter four, based on the analysis the current status of middle school reading teaching and the misunderstanding of individuation reading,bring up author's strategy of the individuation reading implement: make students the principal part in reading, study the philologic express,teacher should take lead in the individuation reading.

第四章针对目前初中阅读教学的现状及其对个性化阅读教学误区的分析，提出自己在初中语文教学中实施个性化阅读教学的策略：个性化阅读教学应确立学生的阅读主体地位；个性化阅读教学要以对文本语言表达的探究为基础；教师是个性化阅读教学中智慧的引领者。

The thesis is made up of "the object of study","the linguistic kind analysis i n the textbooks of the junior middle school","the linguistic kind of the scientifi c and technical terminology","classification of the scientific and technical termin ology","the existing problems " and etc.

本论文由&研究对象和目的&，&初中理，化教材的语种分析&，&科技术语的语种&，&科技术语的分类&，&初中理，化教材中存在的问题&等部分组成。

The change of uncompulsory schooling cost accounted formost of increase of rural education expense in primary school ,whileon the contrary ,the change of compulsory schooling cost play the dominantrole in the junior school although the propensity of school transfer injunior school is stronger than the primary school.

其中，小学主要是择校的成本在上升，而初中则是正常入学的成本在上升，尽管初中的择校倾向高于小学。

In this foundation, this paper brings up the five principles for implementation of experiential study in junior high Chinese (student-centered principle, situation-embraced principle, experience and understanding combined principle, learning strategy guided principle and joyful and harmonious principle) and eight implementation strategies of experiential study in junior high Chinese (creating atmosphere of experience through aesthetic reading, building touched experience through situation perception, obtaining implicated experience through association, obtaining situational experience through simulated performance, receiving role experience through empathized dialogue, acquiring deep experience through cooperative inquiry, obtaining creative experience through conversation with teacher and acquiring promoted experience through outward practice).

在此基础上，本文提出初中语文体验性学习实施的五大原则（学生主体原则、情境融入原则、体验理解相结合原则、学习策略指导原则、愉悦和谐原则）和初中语文体验性学习的八大实施策略（通过审美朗读营造体验氛围、通过情境感知生成感动体验、通过联想获得意蕴体验、通过模拟表演获得情境体验、通过移情对话获得角色体验、通过合作探究来获得深度体验、通过与教师对话获得创造性体验、通过拓展实践获得提升性体验）。

The article discusses the intension and the construction of the labor-technique education of junior middle school stage, analyses the series problems such as the lack of system , the outdated teaching material , the simple method of teaching, the lack of imput, the unsteadiness of teachers and the weakness of evaluation ect. The paper gave out that these problems were resulted in the challenge of conflict of individual value and community value, the shock of value pluralist trend, the influence of diversity of value idealism and customs, the improper deal with the contradiction of social fair principle and social utility , and unbalance of development caused by region variety , Also the paper explains that labor-technology education is the important way to promote the Junior middle school students allover development by enucleating that labor-technology education has the functions such as grooming virtues, enlightening wisdom, benefiting goodness ,strengthening mind and body, accelerating creation and exercising living and practice ability.

本文讨论了初中阶段劳动技术教育的内涵及其结构，分析了当代初中劳动技术教育存在着的诸如制度欠缺、教材陈旧、方法简单、投入不足、师资不稳、评估薄弱等一系列问题，并认为产生这些问题的根源在于：个体价值与群体价值冲突带来的挑战、价值多元化趋势的冲击、价值目标的理想性与世俗性对立造成的影响、社会公正原则与社会功利矛盾的处理不当以及地域差异导致的发展失衡。

With the development of new curriculum reform, in order to have a better implement on inquiry teaching in general middle school physics class, we investigated on practice implement status in quo in Chongqing No 48 junior middle school physics class by using case study ,comprehensive using different methods such as interview, questionnaire, class observation and literature analysis. By investigation we find some problems existed, discuss on basic idealities and discuss the implementary strategies in junior middle school physics teaching, then put forward some suggestions for its further development.

随着新课程改革的深入进行，为了在普通中学物理教学中更好地实施探究教学，本文采取个案研究方式，综合运用访谈、问卷调查、课堂观察及文献综述等多种方法，对重庆48中初中物理课堂探究教学实施现状进行研究，发现了其中存在的问题，探讨了初中物理教学的基本理念与实施策略，并为其进一步发展提出了建议。

In this paper, based on the theory of history course resource and by using traditional researching methods of "testifying history by arts""bilateral connection of arts and history", the way to construct the teaching model by combination of liberal arts and history, to analyze the literature in junior high school Chinese course (including Chinese textbooks, after school reading books and recommended masterpiece at home and abroad) to enrich the history teaching by inosculating the literature content in junior high school Chinese lesson into history teaching were explored in order to realize the resource sharing in the Chinese and history teaching and to achieve the state of "testifying history by the help of arts""explaining the arts by the help of history" and " inosculating arts into history".

本研究尝试根据历史课程资源理论和传统的&以文证史&、&文史互通&的史学研究方法，探索在初中历史教学实践中构建文史综合的教学模式，研究如何从课程资源的角度解读中学语文课程（包括语文教材、课外读本和推荐阅读中外名著）中的文学作品，将中学语文课程中的文学作品作为不可或缺的实证史料充实进历史课程，融入历史教学，实现初中历史与语文课程的资源共享，做到&以文证史&、&以史释文&、&融文入史&。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。