分子层

One has noted that small conjugated molecules, single- and multiple-wall carbon nanotubes and macromolecules such as DNA possess many useful device characteristics, for instance, molecular switch, molecular memory, negative differential resistance and single-molecule transistors.

人们发现小的共轭分子、单层或多层碳纳米管、大的有机分子具有功能器件的特性，例如：分子开关、分子存储器、负微分电导、分子场效应管等特性，并且对此进行了论证报道。

However the understanding of molecular mechanistic behind the separation behavior is quite limited, which ce

本文尝试在离子交换层析的静电相互作用研究中引入计算机分子模拟技术，构筑合适的蛋白质-介质配基模拟表面，通过分子模拟计算表征相互作用的能量参数，从层析保留时间实验获得描述宏观分离行为的停留因子，实现微

At least one layer of said I-Polar is optically anisotropic and is made by means of Cascade Crystallization Process, is characterized by a globally ordered biaxial crystalline structure with an intermolecular spacing of 3.4 } 0.3 A in the direction of one of optical axes, is transparent in the visible spectral range, and is formed by rodlike supramolecules representing at least one polycyclic organic compound with a conjugated -system and ionogenic groups.

所述I-Polar中至少有一层是光学各向异性的，并通过级联结晶工艺制得，其特征是在一个光轴方向上具有3.4±0.3的分子间间距的全局有序的双轴晶体结构，该层在可见光光谱区域内是透明的，并由代表至少一种具有共轭π体系和离子型基团的多环有机化合物的棒状超分子形成。

Shifts of the highest occupied molecular orbital and the secondary electron cutoff of the PES spectrum upon the adhesion of the Alq layer have been observed, revealing the existence of the interface dipole. Results of angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements confirm that the C_(17)H_(35)COONa molecules tend to arrange themselves in an amphiphilic array at the interface.

通过紫外光电子能谱得到了界面处的电子结构与能级排布，并观测到了界面偶极层的存在；同时利用角分辨的X射线光电子能谱研究了硬脂酸钠分子在Alq表面上沉积时，分子排布的取向，结合分子结构，解释了有机发光器件中在金属电极和Alq间加入一薄层硬脂酸钠后性能得到有效改善这一现象。

We found that during the growth process the double steps first grow separately and the connected by short bridge before tangential growth. After eighth or ninth layer the spiral steps would merge into intact elliptic layers. At the merging point right-handed spiral sources might appear but the left ones always overgrow it which made the whole growth topography looked like left-handed apparently. It indicated that the EAFP molecules has strong ability to adjust itself to adapt the environment. 5. Through various analysis of interactions in the EAFP crystals it indicated that there were 218 residue interactions between 12 symmetry-related EAFP molecules around one EAFP molecule, 18 strong ones and 72 weak ones .

EAFP在低过饱和度下的螺旋生长过程中会出现台阶的合并，从而表现出单-双的螺旋台阶，在小范围扫描中捕获到了这种现象，使得对螺旋生长台阶的合并过程有了更加深入的认识；并且台阶的生长受到沿晶体学b轴方向上的21螺旋对称的控制；当台阶生长至第八到第九层时，螺旋台阶会自动地形成完整的生长层，这充分说明了EAFP分子或分子簇具有良好的自身调节能力，这样在晶体生长过程中，晶体的缺陷减少，晶体质量提高，这也可说明EAFP晶体的x射线衍射能力很强的原因。

Both crystallographically unique Zn atoms exit as an octahedral geometry. The four equatorial positions of Zn1 atom are occupied by the carboxylate-oxygen atoms of the two tartrates, and the two oxygens of the left four carboxylate-oxygen atoms coordinate to two different Zn2 atoms, respectively, forming infinite coordination polymer chains. The left two of the trans equatorial positions of Zn2 atom are completed with two oxygen atoms of two water molecules. The axial positions of both Zn atoms are occupied by the nitrogen atoms from different 4,4'-bipyridine molecules to give a 2D rectangular-grid layers with a cavity dimension of 0.51165(3)nm×1.13896(5) nm. A three dimensional network is formed by the crystallization water chains joined by the carboxylate-oxygen atoms through hydrogen-bonding interactions.

两个晶体学独立的Zn原子均为八面体构型，其中Zn1原子赤道配位点被2个酒石酸根中的4个羧酸根氧螯合配位， 2个酒石酸根中剩下的4个羧酸根氧中的2个分别与2个Zn2原子连接形成无限一维链， Zn2原子的另外2个反式赤道配位点被2个水分子氧占据，同时这两种Zn原子的轴向配位点均被4，4'-联吡啶的氮原子占据，形成具有矩形格子[0.51165(3) nm×1.13896(5) nm]的二维层状结构，游离的2个水分子通过氢键作用形成二聚体，并与酒石酸根中未与Zn配位的羧酸氧连接，把二维层状结构连接成三维网状的超分子结构。

From the early study of the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia people have found its association with immunological function . In 1986 Ellis et al[1] had found that the extravillous chorionic cytotrophoblast contacting with the maternal tissue expressed high levels of Human leukocyte antigen-G, a major histocompatibility tissue-specific antigen . Extravillous chorionic cytotrophoblast with high levels expression of HLA-G proteins can invade the maternal deciduas and the maternal spiral arteries by displacing the endothelial lining and destroying most of the musculoelastic tissue of these arteries .

早期研究开始，许多学者即发现其与免疫学有密切关系，至1986年Ellis等[1]发现人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen，HLA) G分子高度表达在绒毛外滋养层细胞( extravillous cytotrophoblast，EVCT)上，即浸润至子宫蜕膜层甚至达子宫浅肌层以及子宫螺旋动脉内皮层，与母血及子宫组织直接接触的滋养细胞，这种独特的组织分布提示HLA-G分子在母胎免疫耐受方面起重要作用。

Because of this property, water is preferentially adsorbed by these surfaces, and large organic compounds cannot compete with strongly held water for adsorption sites on the clay surfaces. Thus, Na-clays are ine_ective sorbents for small organic molecules. However, it is possible to modify the surface properties of clays greatly by neutralizing the anionic framework of layer silicates by using positively charged organic species such as alkylammonim ions. In the modi_ed form (HDTMA-bentonite), the clay surface may become organophilic and interact strongly with organic compounds. Textile dyes represent a relatively large group of organic chemicals. In an HDTMA-bentonite-dye system it is possible that adsorption may be enhanced by the hydrophobic interaction between the adsorbed dye molecule and HDTMA-bentonite.

O组给予亲水的性质到矿物表面，因为这水是吸附在这些表面，和大的有机化合物不能比有坚强的为了吸附位置在泥土表面，因而，Na—泥土是ine_ective吸附剂为了小的分子，希，它是可能的到更改的表面属性，泥土非常在抵销anionic层硅酸盐在用的结构 Positively负荷的物种例如alkylammonim离子，在mod i_ed形状，泥土表面可能变成organophilic和互相作用坚强地有机化合物，织物染料表现相关的大的组化学的，在HDTMA—斑脱土—染料系统它是可能的那吸附可能是提高在交互作用在中间吸附染料分子和HDTMA—斑脱土，interlamellarHDTMA的间隔—斑脱土是获得在substracting泥土层从的厚度实验上坚决的基础的间隔（d001）。

During the first stage of the thermodegradation in nitrogen, the thermal stability of EVA /clay nanocomposites decreases din to the decomposition of octadecyl ammonium and a catalytic effect of acidic sits on the clay lavers deriving from the decomposition.

实验结果表明，通过离子交换反应，可使长链十八胺阳离子嵌入粘土片层间，增大了粘土的片层间距；对于EVA/有机化粘土体系，通过熔体插层可使EVA分子链插层于粘土片层中，使粘土片层被进一步撑开；EVA/粘土纳米复合材料具有较好的力学性能。

No US-pin plastic treatment therapy, a comprehensive alternative to traditional plastic injection of the United States (with the needle and micro-needle) is efficient, non-invasive and safe,"mesoderm into beauty therapy" is the latest technology of water use and water channel protein electrophoresis principle of development Note the infiltration hole electric technology to non-needle injection principle, the use of "point to a plane," AMD permeation technology in skin electroporation Act under the influence of pulsed current stimulation, so that pores have a physical reaction to the rapid spread in two seconds 650-800 of fine pores, forming an instant electronic delivery channels of nutrition, nutrition Note dialysis therapy immediately with electrophoresis, soft laser stimulation and ice, etc., in the most secure and fast, the skin will be required for nutritional products , 99% transmitted to the basal cells, and can be stored as long as 72 hours, the skin smooth and more compact, creating a perfect Beautiful Skin.

B。电穿孔技术：直接作用于皮肤，瞬间增强皮肤组织的可渗透性。在电击的作用下，细胞的脂质二重层上形成电击孔。在电击孔形成的同时，使得原先无法被细胞吸收的亲水性分子能够穿透并进入细胞内部。电击孔一旦形成，则根据电击的长度，在数秒种至数分钟之内保持打开状态。C。电渗透技术：电渗主要作用于将要分散的物质分子，帮助其顺利穿透并进入肌肤内部，性质相同的电荷相互排斥，因此对正极的营养分子施加正电流，可将营养分子推入皮肤组织。此时，中性分子也一道穿透并进入肌肤内部。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。