全局分析

As far as the current situation is concerned, emphasis should be laid upon co — ordinating all modes of transportation, establishing a transport system with Chinese characteristics to cater to the need of economic development and social progress, and making feasible polices to speed up railway reform and construction.

从交通运输体系的全局出发，分析研究了我国国情和经济发展进程与交通运输业的关系；从我国实际情况出发，有重点地协调各种运输方式，建立具有中国特色的交通运输体系；适应经济发展和社会进步的需要，制定切实可行的政策，加快铁路改革和建设步伐。

The main research tasks and results are as follows:(1) Through comparing the stress intensity factor of compact tension specimen calculated by finite element software with the theoretical value, the feasibility of calculating fracture parameters of crack tip in ABAQUS software was verified.(2) The relationship between the elastic modulus of the material and research scale was studied based on deriving the cohesive stress theory and other relevant theories. And the elastic modulus of the material on meso-scale was determined.(3) Global model and sub-model of the finite element were built in th...e macro-scale, and stress-strain field nearby the crack tip was analyzed, and the results show that the detailed stress-strain in the crack tip could be obtained by using the sub-model technique.(4) In meso-scale, the crack growth model was also established by assuming the crack propagating along the grain boundary, and the detailed stress-strain field in the crack tip was obtained.(5) The effect of crack length on Von Mises stress, and maximum principal stress and strain was analyzed in meso-scale when equivalent KI equals 30MPa.m1/2. And the results show that except for crack tip area, the stress-strain distribution in whole specimen is not affected.

主要完成研究内容和取得成果如下：(1)利用有限元软件计算出紧凑拉伸试样的裂纹尖端应力强度因子KI值，其结果与理论值一致，从而验证了利用ABAQUS计算裂纹尖端相关断裂参量的可行性；(2)在研究内聚应力等相关理论的基础上，推导出了研究尺度与材料弹性模量的近似关系，并确定了介观尺度上的弹性模量；(3)在宏观尺度上建立了全局有限元计算模型和子模型，得到了裂纹尖端应力应变场分布，结果表明利用子模型技术获得比较准确的裂纹尖端应力应变场分布是可行的；(4)在介观尺度上利用平均晶粒尺度的方式建立了裂纹沿晶扩展模型，得到了裂纹尖端断裂过程区的微观应力应变场；(5)当应力强度因子为30MPa.m1/2时，分析了介观尺度上在裂纹沿晶扩展过程中裂纹长度对Mises应力、最大主应力和应变的影响，结果表明，裂纹扩展长度对试样整体应力应变分布影响不大，而对裂纹尖端区域有较大影响；(6)介。。。

A self-evolving software technique is proposed, which is based on Agent technique and the dynamic binding mechanism. According to the characters of self-evolution, the constraints are divided into micro level constraints which focus on individual Agent and the macro level constraints which focus on overall system. Language facilities are proposed to describe the constraints on self-evolution, the constraints are analyzed and inspected through runtime verification.

提出了基于Agent，以动态绑定机制为核心的软件自演化技术，根据自演化的性质和特点，区分出微观层面个体Agent自演化约束和宏观层面系统全局自演化约束；提出了对自演化约束进行描述的语言设施，并通过运行时检查的方法对自演化约束条件进行了分析和检查。

Then,we prove its performance of convergence to the global optimum by means of Markov chain analysis.

接着，利用Markov链分析法证明了该算法的全局收敛性。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。