使短路

The characteristics of pentacene/perylene derivatives based organic solar cells are investigated in this thesis Donor and acceptor layers are pentacene and N N'-dioctyl-3 4 9 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-2~13C) respectively Twelve organic solar cells with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions were fabricated to study the influence of various alkylic perylene derivatives on the power conversion efficiency Under the sunlight simulator with AM1 5G filter and 100 mW/cm2 the solar cell of pentacene/PTCDI-7C heterojunction with cathode of Ag/Al bilayer has the best performance among the devices with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions In PL spectrum analyses the pentacene/PTCDI-7C film had lower recombination rate than the other pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C films; therefore more excitons could reach the P/N junction and enhance short-circuit current Furthermore the PTCDI-7C film grown on the surface of penatcene was more matched than other PTCDI films analyzed by the PL peak shifts of 10 nm and 45 nm thick PTCDI-2~13C and images of atomic force microscope More lattice match between the films of pentacene and PTCDI resulted in fewer defects in P/N junction and more carries can reach electrodes Accordingly the power conversion efficiency approach 2% was obtained from the solar cell with the active layer of pentacene/PTCDI-7C

本研究探讨以五环素/骈苯衍生物异质接面太阳能电池之特性，利用pentacene作为电子施体有机材料，PTCDI -2C~13C作为电子受体有机材料，制作出异质接面为pentacene/ PTCDI-2C ~13C等12种有机太阳能电池，比较不同碳数的骈苯衍生物对於有机太阳能电池之光电转换效率之影响。在AM1 5G、100 mW/cm2的模拟太阳光下，以pentacene/PTCDI-7C异质接面太阳能电池具有短路电流9 882 mA/cm2、开路电压0 376 V、填充因数0 523及光电转换效率达1 945%，皆比其他pentacene/PTCDI-2C ~13C异质接面太阳能电池来的大。由薄膜分析可知PTCDI-7C在这12种太阳能电池中具有较低的电子电洞复合发光效率，可以让较多激子到达异质接面进行电荷分离，减少电子电洞对复合发光的机率；此外，由光激发萤光光谱之峰值位移配合原子力显微镜表面结构图，可以得知当PTCDI-7C成长在pentacene上时会顺著pentacene的结构成长薄膜，故较无缺陷产生在P/N接面处；而在其他结构下则无此现象产生，致使在pentacene/PTCDI-7C薄膜中的载子有较大的机会可以移动至电极，使光电流提高，进而使光电转换效率提高。

A method to model the operation curve for calculating arbitrary time short circuit current with the model identification method is suggested.

本文提出用模型辨识方法，将计算任意时间短路电流的运算曲线模型化，使原来由人工查曲线的计算方法，全部由计算机计算。

If you raise these issues early in the application process, you risk short-circuiting your candidacy.

如果你在申请过程的早期提到这些问题，你的风险会使你的申请"短路"。

In the power supply circuit, series power supply and the adjustment of the series load, the load current flows through all of the adjustments, and transistors Guozainaili worse, once output overload or short circuit, the input voltage increases in the full set of adjustment an emitter, the current surge to adjust the fierce heat, if not over-current protection measures at this time, the adjustment will be burned, power Zhengliuguan also will be greatly threatened or damaged.

中文摘要：在稳压电源电路中，串联型稳压电源的调整管与负载串联，负载电流全部流经调整管，而晶体管的过载能力较差，一旦输出端过载或短路，输入电压全部加在调整管集---射极间，其电流剧增，使调整管猛烈发热，如果此时没有过流保护措施，调整管就要被烧坏，电源整流管也将受到巨大威胁或损坏。

But disconnect the load and the output correctly, in the time, I fail to understand why it suddenly occurred to power does not output voltage may also be due to eircuit the power protection, since switching power supply does not have the problem, according to the circuit diagram check switching power supply external power supply module one by one, if the hinge-counter, discovered its signal line wrap wire close to counter one end of the triadha into the signal lines, causing a short circuit input line.

可是断开负载，其输出正常，在百思不得其解之时，笔者突然想到电源不能正常输出电压也有可能是由于负载短路使电源保护造成的，既然开关电源本身没有问题，按照电路图检查开关电源外围的供电模块逐一排查，当检查到折页计数器时，无意中发现其信号线外缠绕的钢丝线接近计数器的一端扎进了信号线中，造成输入线短路。

Improved travel of the short circuiting terminal 11 is thereby effected.

这样，可使短路端子11获得增大了的行程。

3 For solid and metal cored wires, the qualification using short circuiting transfer qualifies only short circuiting transfer.

对实心和金属空心焊丝，使用短路传送进行的合格鉴定仅使短路传送合格

On the foundation of the analysis,a fault diagnosis method which is an advanced pattern recognition method is proposed and a fault diagnosis system of generator excitation power unit based on virtual instrument is developed.It is proved by experiment that the fault diagnosis system can precisely judge which thirstier goes wrong and get accurate diagnosis result.

发生晶闸管直通故障时，瞬间将造成相电压短路，短路电流使保护电路动作；而发生晶闸管开路故障时(如晶闸管器件门极损坏或触发脉冲丢失等故障)，功率单元仍然工作，但输出励磁电压的脉动增大，平均值降低，这种带病工作导致励磁电压波形产生畸变，从而导致了发电机工作在不稳定状态，同时也加大了对电网的干扰[2]。

Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the novel method is immune to broken rotor bar fault and thus more reliable than those presented previously.

大量仿真与实验结果表明，该方法可以避免将转子故障误判为定子绕组匝间短路故障，使定子绕组匝间短路故障识别可靠性大幅提高。

Don't make the battery connector shorted otherwise it might cause fire and damage the battery pack.

充电电池 Battery Pack 不要使电池连接端接触金属物产生短路的状况，短路可能造成电池液体外泄，损害电池，还可能引起火灾。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。