估计

In this paper, the function of regression matrix is estimated in a growth curve model, and the necessary and sufficient conditions that a linear estimator of the function is admissible among the class of all lin ear estimators under matrix loss are obtained.

摘 要：对增长曲线模型中回归矩阵的函数的线性估计进行了研究。在矩阵损失下，作者得到了线性估计在一切线性估计类中可容许的充要条件。

It is proved that the least squareestimators of linear estimable functions of regression coefficients areadmissible under matrix loss and minimax. The necessary and sufficientexistence conditions are derived for the uniformly minimum riskequivariant estimators of linear estimable functions ofregression coefficients under an affine group and a transitive group oftransformations respectively. It is also proved that there are no UMREestimators ofthe covariance matrix and variance under an affine groupof transformations and quadratic loss functions.

本文证明了回归系数的线性可估函数的最小二乘估计是极小极大的且在矩阵损失函数下是可容许的；还分别在仿射变换群和平移群下导出了存在回归系数的线性可估函数的一致最小风险同变估计的充要条件，并证明了在仿射变换和二次损失下不存在协方差阵和方差的 UMRE 估计。

A nonlinear on-line approximator is utilized to estimate uncertain parts in the system, simultaneously, to monitor the faults and estimate the fault value.

非线性在线估计器用于估计系统不确定部分，同时监视系统是否发生故障，估计故障的大小。

A unified linear fusion model for information fusion estimation is proposed,and it can describe varied information including measuring information,apriority information,forecasting data and estimation information,and it lays a foundation for the theory frame of information fusion estimation.

提出信息融合估计的统一线性融合模型，使测量信息、先验信息、预测信息以及状态估计信息等均可用统一融合模型进行描述，为建立信息融合估计的理论框架奠定了基础。

The common method, that all strong-correlation terms of the model are eliminated, can bring the loss in the engineering application, so the new method is proposed that the identified model reserves some correlation. The augmented matrix A is constructed by the outputΔW and the matrix S. The"determinating order based on ratio of determinant"is brought out to screen the strong-correlation terms in the structure identification. The latent root estimation is improved in screening the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Thus the estimation precision is improved greatly.The consistence check of guidance instrument error coefficients of flight test and ground test is the purpose of flight experiment. The causes of inconsistency of the two models are analyzed. The hypothesis test of linear regression model based on F statistics is proposed to check the consistence.Finally, the instability of error coefficients is probably caused by the change of the flight environments, therefore, the relation between the error coefficients and flight environment is analyzed. The approach is presented to identify SINS guidance instrument error models and compensate the error in the segmented sections corresponding to the change of vertical acceleration of aircraft.

在结构辨识中，常用的方法由于将模型中的强相关项全部剔除而给工程应用带来损失，因此，本文提出了新的有益思想，即在保留一定相关性的基础上进行辨识：将输出向量ΔW与环境函数矩阵S构成增广矩阵A，然后采用"比定阶行列式"来剔除相关向量的方法，这样既可以尽可能多地保留了对落点影响大的强相关参数，又可以对落点影响小的强相关参数给予剔除；在参数估计中，改进了特征根估计中特征根和特征向量的筛选方法，提出"近零"准则，从而大大提高了参数估计的精度；再者，鉴于天地模型"一致性"检验是飞行试验和SINS制导工具误差系数分离的主要目的，因此，本文又深入分析了造成天地模型不一致的原因，提出了采用基于F统计的线性回归模型假设检验方法来进行捷联制导工具误差模型的天地"一致性"检验；最后，鉴于飞行环境剧烈变化可能会对惯性仪表误差系数稳定性带来一定的影响，因此本文深入地分析了SINS制导工具误差系数与外界环境的关系，提出了基于过载变化大小的分段辨识和分段实时补偿的算法。

The value of object state obtained from last time is iterated once by Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, and the iterative value is used as an auxiliary variable to estimate the motion parameters by the weighted least-square method.

该算法将上一时刻的目标估计值进行一次Levenberg-Marquardt迭代而得到的估计值作为辅助变量，进而对目标参数进行加权的最小二乘估计。

The contents from the third chapter to the fifth chapter are the kernels which are a series of applications of generalized regression model and generalized regression estimator. At first, this paper constructs ratio model, linear regression model, post-stratified regression model and nonparametric regression model through different regressive relationship between auxiliary variable and study variable.

首先是依据辅助变量与研究变量之间回归关系的不同，分别建立比率模型、线性回归模型、事后分层回归模型和非参数回归模型，然后再利用第二章中推导出的广义回归估计理论，对各种回归模型辅助下(来源：A4bBC12论文网www.abclunwen.com)的估计方法进行了系统性研究，从而构成了模型辅助估计方法的整个研究体系。

Finishing calculation of mean value, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis of Beta distribution.(2) Fitting parameters of many kinds of typical distribution and using residual deviation to evaluate fitting precision.(3) Using Beta distribution as an agreed indication distribution applied to many kinds of practical photoelectric measurement distributions.(4) Deriving theory formula of Bayes point estimation about Beta distribution parameters and mean value and standard deviation on the condition of mean square error loss function and supposed the prior distribution is uniform distribution.(5) Generating MCMC sample from post distribution by the method of Gibbs sample algorithm. Calculating bayes point estimation from sample on the condition of mean square error loss function. Calculating confidence interval by an approximate method to complete interval estimation.

本文的主要工作有：(1)解决了Beta分布参数a和b的精确计算以及均值、标准差、偏度、峰度的计算问题；(2)拟合出10余种典型分布的Beta分布的两个参数，并且采用剩余标准差评价该Beta分布的拟合精度；(3)对多种典型的光学与光电测量系统的测量分布进行了Beta分布统示表示；(4)在假设先验分布为均匀分布前提下，得到参数a和b以及均值μ和标准差σ在均方误差损失函数下的贝叶斯点估计理论计算公式；(5)利用直接抽样的Gibbs抽样算法，从后验分布中产生MCMC样本，从样本直接计算均方误差损失函数下的贝叶斯点估计，并使用一种近似方法计算其置信区间，完成区间估计。

In the end, we can see the performance of MMSE estimator is the best, and the performance of LS estimator is the worst, while for the complexity of the three channel estimator methods, the condition is reverse comparing with the condition of the performance.

最后我们可以看出MMSE估计的性能要远好于LS估计，但其复杂度较高，SVD估计的性能及运算复杂度皆介于前两者之间。

Breakeven Point and Sensitivity analysis were revised to make the risk evaluation properly and scientifically. The evaluations of the probability analysis of random risks were analyzed in the way of the theoretical probability and Monte Carlo simulation. And the application of gray prediction can make up the lack of data. 5. For the risk assessment of the real estate investment, the fuzzy math and the gray cluster were applied to reduce the influence of the subjective factors in the risk measurement.

对于房地产投资风险的估计则主要是针对随机风险进行概率研究，首先对目前常用的BP分析和敏感性分析进行改良，进一步降低风险估计的确定性成分；其次对随机风险的估计进行了研究，结合案例探讨了理论概率分析和蒙特卡罗模拟方法在分析中的应用；并且将灰色预测应用于风险估计，弥补我国房地产业发展时间短、数据不完整的缺点。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。