企业经营活动

Being the executive of an enterprise, middle-rank cadres are the axis of the operation and management of the enterprise, the centralist human resource, and the key element of the fulfillment of the strategic target of the enterprise.

中层干部作为企业中高级管理人员，是企业生产经营活动和管理活动的中枢，是企业最核心的人力资源，也是企业战略性目标能否实现的关键因素。中层干部工作的好坏、绩效的高低，直接影响着企业的整体效益。

Contingent governance controlling mechanism demands all stakeholders to control the management contingently. That is to say, in normal business situation stakeholders don't interfere with the business, but when something is wrong, they will take certain measures to adjust it, so that every one's interest would be protected.

相机干预的控制机制是指由企业的各利益相关者对企业的经营活动实施相机性控制，即在企业的经营活动正常情况下，控制主体并不对企业的经营活动进行干预，只有当出现危机信号时，才实施必要的干预，以调节和纠正经营活动出现的偏差，维护其利益免遭损害。

This is a way to propel the development of automotive industry that applying the model of supply chain management and information technology.

采购是企业经营活动中的一个重要的部分，在供应商和制造商的合作交流方面架起一座桥梁。

On the one hand, the internal control is the internal mechanism of self-regulating and self-restricting in the enterprise manufacturing and business activities, which is the central of the neural system of an enterprise.

一方面，内部控制是企业生产经营活动自我调节和自我制约的内在机制，处于企业中枢神经系统的重要位置，有效的内部控制是企业经营成败的关键之一。

ABSTRACT According to the point of view of enterprise strategy management, Activity-Based Management of Whole Business Process combines supply, production and distribution of enterprise tightly and appropriately. In strategic, from the high point when all comes to all of enterprise, ABMWBP attaches importance to effect of every activity to targets of management and strategy, and advocates that every activity must be for whole benefits. In tactics, by going into the most elementary part of enterprise business---activities, and by controlling resources consumed by it, costs of activities are reduced and the process efficiency is improved greatly.

企业生产经营全过程作业管理的理论和方法是从企业全过程的战略高度出发，把企业供、产、销有机地结合在一起；在战略上，全过程作业管理站在企业全局的高度，重视每一项作业对企业经营目标和战略目标的作用，提倡每一项作业的安排必须服从企业的整体利益；在战术上，它通过深入到企业生产经营最细微的作业层次，从构成企业基本活动的作业着手，通过控制作业的资源消耗，达到控制企业成本、提高过程效率的目的。

As the enterprise operation environment is becoming more and more complex and uncertain, the traditional investment decision methods, representated by the NPV principle, can not be suitable for evaluating the real value of the project any longer due to neglection of the capital investment operating and strategic adaptability. The real option theory, however, regards opportunities and flexibilities as options to analyze, and takes the flexibilities value into full consideration, so the real option method is an important development of the investment decision theory.

随着企业经营环境的复杂性与不确定性程度的提高，以净现值法为代表的传统投资决策方法由于存在忽视经营柔性和战略影响的缺陷，已越来越难以正确评价投资机会的真实价值，而基于期权定价理论的实物期权定价方法将投资项目中的各种投资机会与经营柔性视作期权进行分析量化研究，充分考虑了投资活动中各种灵活性的价值，是企业投资决策理论方法的一大飞跃。

In the new situation of market economy and intense competition of internationalization, this paper based on the research and analysis of the regular patterns of operation in modern commercial enterprises, systematically brings forward a new framework for operation in modern commercial enterprises,explicating respectively the input of operational elements, the management of operational activities, as well as the output of operation and its beneficial results as specified in the contents and compositional foundation and.

在市场经济和国际化竞争日趋激烈的新形势下，在对现代流通企业经营规律分析研究的基础上，必须要比较全面系统地设计出现代流通企业经营基本模型的新框架，并分别阐明经营要素投入、经营管理活动和经营效益产出的具体内容及构成依据，才能为创新完善现代流通经营理论提出独到的建树。

Faced with the new situation after China's entering into WTO together with challenges and competitions coming home and abroad,telecom enterprises should transform the traditional operation ideology and management pattern,bring enterprise culture into full play,and integrate the culture construction with the actions of the enterprise,turning it into the impetus for the development of the enterprise and a cardi...

面对加入WTO后的新形势，面对国际电信市场的竞争，面对国内各大运营商的挑战，电信企业的经营活动必须一改过去的经营思想、管理模式、经营模式，充分发挥企业文化的重要作用，把企业的文化建设与企业的经营活动紧密结合起来，使企业的文化活动成为推动企业经营的动力，成为提高企业核心竞争力的重要手段。

Moreover, according to the practical problem lying in the shipping company's operation decision, shipping transportation investment, ship renewal, tramp and liner operation, and land based industry, and the general character of our country's shipping company management, this paper analyses systematically the practical problems lying in the process of de...

在系统地调查我国航运企业在经营管理决策中所存在问题的基础上，针对航运企业经营决策，航运投资，船舶更新，不定期船、班轮经营，陆上产业等急待解决的实际问题，结合我国航运企业管理的一般特点，对航运企业生产、技术、企划、经营活动在其决策过程中所存在的实际问题进行了系统地分析，实现了航运企业经营发展决策的DSS辅助决策支持

This paper systematically analyzes the status quo of our country's shipping company and the problem lying\|in the operating managing strategy. Moreover, according to the practical problem lying in the shipping company's operation\|decision, shipping transportation investment, ship renewal, tramp and liner operation, and land\|based industry, and the general character of our country's shipping company management this paper systematically analyzes the practical problems lying in the process of decision, such ...

在系统地分析了我国航运企业在经营管理决策中所存在的问题的基础上，针对航运企业经营决策，航运投资，船舶更新，不定期船、班轮经营，陆上产业等急等解决的实际问题，结合航运企业管理的一般特点，通过对航运企业生产、技术、企划、经营活动在其决策过程中所存在实际问题的系统分析，实现了航运企业经营发展决策的DSS辅助决策支持。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。