以往

Up to now, the performance index is almost described as an algebraic function of manipulating variables, it implies the response of performance index to the manipulating variables is instantaneous or the system is in steady state, and the effects of disturbances on the objective function are not taken into consideration.

在以往的工作中，大都把过程的调优变量与目标函数之间的关系用代数方程描述，这意味着目标函数对调优变量的响应是瞬时的，或假定过程处于静态，而且一般也不考虑过程中其它干扰对目标函数的影响，即在算法结构中，调优变量与目标函数构成唯一的因果关系。

Back to the design for a minute...in addition to the completely different, organic form of the shoe, contributing to the alien-like appearance of the Flightposite was the use of iridescent or, as Nike refers to it, phase shift, colors and materials.

回到设计方面。。。完全不同于以往，带有有机外形要素的异类Flightposite，是用来炫的，就像NIKE所把它归类的一样，颜色变幻，纷繁的配色和与众不同的材料。

We have all seen the economy in much worse shape then ever before.

我们已经看到，经济形势比以往任何时候都糟糕。

We then applied the transfer matrix introduced by Allard to evaluate the absorption coefficient and the transmission loss of the materials and also compared the results to the previous lectures, including experiments and theoretical analysis, to verify the accuracy of the present method.

并将Allard建立的转换矩阵应用在计算材料吸音率及穿透损失。接著，将以往学界所发表的文献和做过的实验，与理论程式互相比对，以印证理论程式的正确性。

And tonight, as we have done before, America and our allies accept that responsibility.

今晚，和我们以往所做的一样，美国和我们的盟国接受这一责任。

In the first year, 25 per cent of the total quota would be allocated to applicants that had not previously been allocated quota

第一年中，配额总量的25％的将分配给以往未予分配配额的申请者

Per cent of the total quota would be allocated to applicants that had not previously been allocated quota; however, an applicant that had imported under a quota on the relevant products in the year prior to China's accession would not receive a decrease in the absolute amount of its quota allocation;

第一年中，配额总量的25％的将分配给以往未予分配配额的申请者；但是在中国加入前一年进口一配额下相关产品的申请者所获得的配额分配绝对量将不减少

Jiang Yang said that in recent years the face of energy, resources, the bulk of the extreme fluctuation in commodity prices, a growing number of companies and investment banks, hedge funds and other institutions to make use of futures market in the allocation of assets and management of risks, global commodity futures market structure and functions of profound changes in the futures market influence greatly enhanced, in the development of commodity futures market position than ever, the gradual deepening of market functions, and its economic stability in the promotion of healthy operation, to safeguard national energy security, food security , financial and economic security, such as the important role of all aspects of growing concern by the market and look forward to.

姜押嗯说，近年来，面对能源，资源，初级商品价格下滑，公司和投资银行，对冲基金及其他机构越来越多的剧烈波动，大部分要利用期货市场在资产风险管理和分配，全球商品期货市场结构和期货市场的深刻变化功能的影响大大增强，在商品期货市场中的地位比以往任何时候的发展，市场功能逐步深化，其经济稳定在推广的健康运行，维护，如对日益增长的市场关心的所有方面的重要作用，国家的能源安全，粮食安全，金融和经济安全，并期待着。

So in althorn s opinion, the way to realize the purpose is to offer a course in art, develop variations of outdoor activities, heavily strengthen the research on art teaching, surmount the disadvantages informer art teaching, from new teaching ideas and seek new teaching methods...

笔者认为，不仅要开设开展好美术课程和各种课外活动，更要加强对美术教学的研究，克服以往美术教学中诸多弊端，确立新理念，探索新方法。

In this paper, based on the former researches, satellite altimetry is used to monitor the water level changes of seven inland lakes in China. The contents and conclusions of this research are as following:1. Based on the characteristics of altimetric waveform, methods of improved waveform retracking are put forward. DEM or DTM model is introduced as the standard to estimate the retracked range for waveform retracking.

本文在借鉴以往研究成果的基础上，利用卫星测高技术对我国7个内陆湖泊的水位变化进行了监测研究，主要研究内容及结论如下：(1)在对原有波形重定方法深入研究的基础上对其进行了改进，使用DEM或DTM模型作为波形重定后改正结果的选择标准，并利用Fortran语言设计了波形重定软件。

Do not gum up the work by telling mother what we are going to do .

别告诉母亲我们要干的事，那会把事情搞糟的。

In recent years, application of the partial prestressed concrete beam s is developed.

近年来，随着部分预应力砼梁应用的推广，发现我国规范所采用的名义拉应力法的计算结果不稳定。