主语

It takes a definite amount of heat to change a liquid to its gaseous state.

句中 it 是先行代词，作形式主语。）将液体变为气体需要一定的热量。

The first book on graphology, the study of handwriting, was written in 132, and since that time hundreds of books have been published on the subject.

on the subject "关于这个话题"，在此是指笔迹与个性关系的话题。以上两句话都用了被动句，复习一下被动句的句型：主语+be+动词过去式+by…）。

What worries my mother is the lack of "gumption" in my character.

我母亲担心的是我缺乏进取心。主语从句都是用is做系动词吗？

"Jagger," he said,"grabs a half-gallon jug of water and runs along the front platform, sprinkling its contents over the first few rows of sweltering listener---"

Sprinkling-是现在分词作状语时，通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。

From 1946 to 1949,----William Henry Hastie served as governor of the Virgin Islands.

解释：给出部分主谓俱全，空白处只能是主语的修饰部分，A恰好构成同位语。B，D与原句主谓语冲突；C从句无谓语

Will you help the old man with a heavy bag in his hand to get on the train?

在被动结构中，作help的主语的补足语的不定式必须带to

Syntactically speaking, Chinese is a paratactic, personal, topic-prominent and dynamic language while English is strikingly different for being hypotactic, impersonal, subject-prominent and static.

从句法的角度来看，汉语是一种重意合，讲究人称搭配，以主题为重心的动态语言，而英语是一门在很大程度上区别于汉语的语言，它重形合，句子一般以主语为重心，词汇也多采用静态的名词和介词，对人称搭配也没有汉语来得严格。

In terms of the physiological characteristics of the zang organs the physiological function of the spleen is to govern the transportation and transformation of the essence of water and grain to make qi and blood.

2.3 利用以具有动词意义的名词为中心词的短语来翻译有些兼语式结构出现在主语中充当句子的一个成分，这种兼语式结构可以译成一个以具有动词意义的名词为中心词的短语。

In terms of the physiological characteristics of the zang organs, the physiological function of the spleen is to govern the transportation and transformation of the essence of water and grain to make qi and blood.

2.3 有些兼语式结构出现在主语中充当句子的一个成分，这种兼语式结构可以译成一个以具有动词意义的名词为中心词的短语。例如：(1)从五脏的生理特点来看，脾的生理特点是主运化水谷精微，生成气血。

In terms of the physiological characteristics of the zang organs,thephysiological function of the spleen is to govern the transportation andtransformation of the essence of water and grain to make qi and blood.

有些兼语式结构出现在主语中充当句子的一个成分，这种兼语式结构可以译成一个以具有动词意义的名词为中心词的短语夕(1)从五脏的生理特点来看，脾的生理特点是主运化水谷精微，生成气血。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。