与...性交

An adaptive grid scheme controlling cell area is used to generated grids in the divergent section of symmetric annular nozzle, and the generated grids are used in the flowfield calculation through the uncoupled way. The elliptic equations are used to generate grids in three dimensional regions of FDN divergent section, the source terms used in the equations employ a mathematical form which is independent of the boundary shape and of the boundary grid point distribution, the free parameters contained in the source terms are determined by the two restraint conditions, the intersection angle of transverse grid lines with boundaries and the local curvature of the transverse grid lines at the boundaries, and the interior grid distribution controlled directly by the grid point distribution assigned on the boundaries is realized, it makes the grid more clustering near the nozzle wall. For the generated grids in the whole computational regions have a good smoothness and orthogonality, the accuracy of calculation in the flowfield is ensured.

对轴对称的环形喷管采用控制网格面积的自适应网格方法对扩散段部分进行了网格生成，并通过非耦合方式应用于喷管的流场计算中；对强制偏流喷管扩散段内的三维区域采用椭圆型方程进行网格生成，方程中的源项采用了与边界形状和边界网格点分布无关的数学形式，源项内的自由参数由横向网格线与边界的交角及横向网格线在边界处的局部曲率两个约束条件来确定，实现了由边界上的网格分布直接控制内部的网格点，使壁面附近具有较密集的网格，并且在整个计算区域内的网格都具有良好的光滑性和正交性，从而保证了流场计算的准确性。

We studied reproductive traits of this species such as phenology of capitulum, ratio of pollen to ovule, self-compatibility, pollen viability, visiting insects and germination potential of seed by experimental observation and bagging treatment in order to assess the association of these reproductive traits with invasiveness.

通过实验观察和人工控制套袋等方法，对其花序开花动态、花粉胚珠比、自交亲和性、花粉活力、访花昆虫和种子的萌发率等与繁殖相关的特征进行了研究，探讨了这些繁殖特征与入侵性的关系。

The first ethynyl group is reacted with the first reactive group in a first carbon-carbon bond formation reaction and the second ethynyl group is reacted with the second reactive group in a second carbon-carbon bond formation reaction to crosslink the first backbone with the second backbone, thereby forming the packaging substrate.

在第一个碳－碳键生成反应中，使第一个乙炔基与第一个反应性基反应，在第二个碳－碳键生成反应中，使第二个乙炔基与第二个反应性基反应，将第一种主链与第二种主链交联，从而制成组装基片。

The acuteness and foresight of Lu Xun's thoughts, the exceptionality, paradox of his way of thinking, and fighting between ultimate and intermediate, between nothingness and being, which reflect his wisdom, doubtlessly have contemporary significance.

生逢千年之交的中国人正与一个独特的时代相遇，面对各种"终结"说，面对"永远"的消解和形而上的消解，鲁迅思想的犀利性、前瞻性，他思维方式的独异性、悖论性以及他在"终结"与"中间物"、"虚无"与"实有"之间所做的抗争和所表现的智慧正凸显出当代意义。

Protease treatment of the plasma membranes could abolish the binding but NaIO_4 and glycosidase could not, indicating that nsLTP144 bound to plasma membranes protein without carbohydrate moiety. Using the homobifunctional cross-linking regent bissuberate (BS~3) and rice plasma membranes incubated with ~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP144, we identified, after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, a putative protein receptor on the rice plasma membranes with the molecular mass around 60 kDa. NsLTP144 can not trigger extracelluar alkalization in arabidopsis, but can abolish the extracellular alkalization effect of phytopathogen elicitor cryptogein, suggesting that cryptogein and nsLTP144 may bind to the same membrane protein. In vitro pull-down assay showed that nsLTP144 interacted with OsCaM1, a possible extracellular calmodulin, implying that nsLTP144 and OsCaM1 could function in the same signal transduction pathway. These results shed light on revealing the roles of nsLTP in vivo and make it promising to finally characterize the plasma membranes receptor of nsLTP.

发现~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP144、~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP110与水稻细胞质膜均具有特异性结合，而且结合是饱和性的、可被竞争的，符合配体-受体结合的典型特征，同时用于对照实验的蛋白质~(125)I-Thioredoxin没有此特性，表明水稻细胞质膜上存在nsLTP的受体；利用可氧化糖基的NaIO_4和水解糖基的N\'-糖苷酶F处理水稻细胞质膜，再进行结合实验，结合活性几乎不受影响；而利用胰蛋白酶处理细胞膜则使得结合能力几乎完全丧失，表明其受体为没有经过糖基化修饰的蛋白质；利用交联剂BS~3交联配体一受体后，再进行SDS-PAGE分离和放射自显影，结果显示水稻细胞质膜上的nsLTP受体中有一个60kDa的蛋白质可以与nsLTP144发生特异性的结合，可能是其受体；细胞外碱化实验表明，nsLTP144不能促使拟南芥原生质体细胞培养液的细胞外碱化反应，却能猝灭来自植物病原菌的激发子Cryptogein刺激拟南芥原生质体产生的细胞外碱化反应，表明nsLTP和Cryptogein结合细胞膜上相同的位点，保护了植物细胞免受Cryptogein导致的细胞程序性死亡，并诱导系统获得性抗性的产生；体外Pull-down实验表明，nsLTP144和水稻的OsCaM1具有相互作用，暗示了nsLTP144和OsCaM1可能同在一个信号通路上起作用。

Discussed the subject on the rich symbiont germplasm resource in China and on further research being necessary to exploitation and utilization of the benificial germplasm.

文摘：针对我国主要豆科作物大豆和花生的研究成果，并结合本身研究工作内容，(1)总结了与宿主共生的根瘤菌生物学多样性，包括大、小样本的土著根瘤菌群体数量、分离频率、类型与分布及其菌株―宿主共生混交性与亲和性；(2)评述了根瘤菌―宿主植物共生体双边固氮改良，包括优良菌株的选育、宿主品种资源共生特性的评价与利用及特异性状的选择；(3)讨论了我国这一类共生体资源的丰富性以及有必要进一步加大力度研究有益资源的开发和利用的问题。

The specific properties of materials, such as the palate adhesion, dynamic cruor, anti-bacterial and the degradability of lysozyme, were studied, which provide valuable data for further application. The main creative ideas are listed as follows:(1) The water-retention chitosan/poly vinyl alcohol blend fiber was obtained by coagulating in 10％ NaOH/ethanol solution, and the blend and crosslink due to GA can enhance the mechanical properties of fiber;(2) The controlled degradable chitosan/gelatin blend fiber was obtained by solution filature, and the mechanical properties were improved;(3) The N-acylchitosan with the different degree of substitution were successfully prepared, and the relationship between structure and properties was estabilished;(4) By a new solvent system of 6％ NaOH/4％ urea for cellulose, the blood anti-coagulant function films were prepared by blending cellulose with chitin;(5) In the same solvent system above mentioned, the anti-bacterial blend films based on cellulose and carboxymethyl-chitosan were prepared, and the relationship of DS and the anti-bacterial property was concluded;(6) The controlled degradable chitosan films was obtained by the chemical crosslink.

本论文的主要创新点：（1）以NaOH水溶液／无水乙醇为凝固液，采用溶液纺丝法制备出保水性壳聚糖／聚乙烯醇纤维，共混和戊二醛交联极大提高了壳聚糖纤维力学性能；（2）用壳聚糖和明胶共混，以溶液纺丝法制备出可控降解的壳聚糖／明胶纤维，并大幅度提高了壳聚糖共混纤维的干、湿态抗张强度；（3）确立了不同取代度N-酰基壳聚糖的合成方法及其膜的结构与性能的关系；（4）利用纤维素新溶剂6％NaOH／4％尿素制备出抗凝血性纤维素／甲壳素共混膜；（5）利用上述纤维素新溶剂制备出抗菌性纤维素／羧甲基壳聚糖共混膜，揭示了羧甲基壳聚糖取代度与抗菌性能的关系；（6）制备出可控降解壳聚糖交联膜。

It was found that ARA was composed of esterification products of (2-HEA)-ester with pimaric acid, dehydroabietic acid, abietic acid and two isomers of acrylpimaric acid. ARA is a good crosslinking agent which can copolymerize with most vinyl monomers. The properties of solvent-resistance and heat resistance of the copolymer were improved considerably by the use of ARA.

实验结果表明：ARA主要由海松酸、脱氢枞酸、枞酸和丙烯海松酸的二种异构体的丙烯酸－2-羟基乙基酯的酯化产物组成，ARA是一种良好的交联剂，可与大多数乙烯基单体共聚合，其与MMA的共聚物的耐溶剂性和耐热性均得到了较大幅度的提高。

Therefore, we selected common species of Ranunculaceae. comparative primordial plants in Alpine Meadow at Eastern QinghaiTibetan Plateau, and studied the reproductive strategies, such as reproductive allocation, especially sex allocation, to understand how the plants adapt the environmental conditions. The results showed:(1) At higher altitude, the self-incompatible plant, such as Trollius ranunculoides tended to become limited by pollination rather than by nutrient availability, while the self-compatible plants, such as Anemone rivularis and A. obtusiloba seemed not to be limited by pollen availability, which suggested that ability of self pollination for alpine plants may be a mechanism of reproductive assurance.(2) Influences induced by high altitude on the reproduction of these species occurred on different reproductive characters, which suggest species-specific adaptive strategies. The influences are dependent on plant size to some extent.

因此，我们选择在青藏高原东部的高寒草甸，以比较原始的植物类群—毛茛科植物为研究对象，选择一些常见种探讨其繁殖对策，如繁殖分配和性分配问题，试图揭示这些植物如何适应环境条件，最后的结果表明： 1高寒草甸高海拔区，自交植物(如小花草玉梅A.rivularis和钝裂银莲花A.obtusiloba)的繁殖不受花粉限制，而完全异交植物(毛茛状金莲花T.ranunculoides)的繁殖受花粉限制，表明高海拔地区植物的白花授粉能力可能是一种繁殖保障机制，能够避免恶劣环境对植物有性繁殖的不利影响； 2海拔高度对植物的影响因种而异，不同的物种受影响的繁殖性状不同，即使同属亲缘种间也存在差异，表明不同物种对相似环境压力的适应对策不同；而且，海拔高度对植物的影响在一定程度上依赖于植物个体大小，说明植物通过调整其个体大小与繁殖性状的关系来适应环境梯度的变化； 3植物花期和果期的繁殖分配并不完全随海拔升高而减小(只有小花草玉梅的果期RA随海拔升高而减小30％)，与Iwasa和Cohen的预测不完全一致(他们认为繁殖分配随生长季缩短而减小)。

Two series of polyurethane acrylate grafted acrylic resins (Acr-g-TPU-PETA and Acr-gPPU-PETA) self-emulsifying systems are obtained by grafting -NCO group modified polyurethane acrylates with acrylic copolymer prepared from n-butyl acrylate, styrene,βhydroxyethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid The self-emulsifying systems showed Newtonian fluidity with viscosity closed to that of water, the solid contents were around 30% The T〓 of 15～4℃ for dried film before photocuring favored film formation at room temperature DSC and DMA results showed that PU-PETA is compatible with acrylic resin in the grafted resin The TG and dTG curves for Acr-g-PU-PETA samples were substantially different from the corresponding blends, and the brodened dTG peaks for photocured grafted resin suggest that there might be multiple interactions among chain segments The photocued film of the grafted resins self-emulsifying system exhibited good overall properties with polyurethane acrylate grafts ranging from 30% to 50%, and Acr-g-TPU-PETA series showed better properties than Acr-gPPU-PETA series The adhesion of the photocured film was 1～2 grade, impact strength was 50kg-cm and flexibility was 1mm The Shore hardness and the adhesion of the film decreased markedly if PETA was replaced by HEMA as photoactive group due to the lower C=C double bond content in the grafted resin The polyhydroxy amine-linked thioxanthones photoinitiators can be evenly dispersed in self-emulsifying system without color spot appearing in the dried film The films photocured with IV〓～IV〓 generally exhibited higher Shore hardness, gloss and solventresistance than that cured with Irgacure 2959 and did not induce the rusting of the iron substrate Pigmenting with titanium oxide had no effect on the photocuring The polyhydroxy amine-linked thioxanthone IV〓 and IV〓 can be new candidates for the formulation of titanium oxide pigmented photocurable water-borne coatings for their pale-yellow appearance and slight interference with the color of the coatings WB 4759 with high water-solubility coalesced and separated from the dried resin film, and even induced the rusting of iron substrate.

以丙烯酸丁酯，甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯，丙烯酸及苯乙烯合成厂丙烯酸共聚树脂，并与含-NCO端基的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯接枝反应，经水性化后，得到两个系列（Acr-g-TPU-PETA和Acr-g-PPU-PETA）各5个不同配比的丙烯酸树脂接枝聚氨酯丙烯酸酯自乳化体系，粘度与水相近，为牛顿流体，固含量30％左右。光固化前干燥涂膜的玻璃化转变温度在-15℃～4℃之间，有利于室温下成膜。DSC及DMA谱表明两种树脂基本相容。Acr-g-PU-PETA的热失重行为明显不同于共混材料，接枝样dTG峰明显宽化，表明接枝样中链段之间的相互作刚有多重性，丙烯酸树脂与聚氨酯之间有一定的相容性。接枝树脂自乳化体系光固化涂层的综合性能以聚氨酯丙烯酸酯成分为50％～30％者相对较好，且以Acr-g-TPU-PETA系列更理想。光固化膜的附着力为1～2级，冲击强度为50kg·cm，柔软性多为1mm。以HEMA代替PETA作为接枝树脂的活性基团，碳—碳双键密度太低，光固化膜交联点太少，硬度和附着力均较差。多羟基胺连硫杂蒽酮光引发剂能均匀分散于树脂自乳化体系和接枝树脂干膜中，不出现色斑，光固化膜肖氏硬度一般高于以Irgacure 2959为光引发剂的光固化膜，光泽度及耐丁酮溶剂性能均有所提高，不会诱导铁基生锈，钛白着色对光固化结果几乎没有影响。本论文所合成的多羟基胺连硫杂蒽酮光引发剂IV〓与IV〓为浅黄色，对光固化涂层的颜色干扰较小，为配制钛白着色光固化水性涂料提供了新的光引发剂。水溶性太强的WB 4759在干膜中易聚结析出，且对所附着的铁基有诱导锈蚀作用。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。