不设防

There is a contrast between seismic design code of different countries because of economic condition and seismic fortification .

由经济条件和抗震设防思想存在差异，各国抗震设计规范中的规定也不尽相同。

The store has to be on guard because some people have sticky fingers.

这商店须设防，因为有许多人手脚不干净。

And a third proof that the position of the battlefield was not foreseen, and that the redoubt of Shevardino was not the foremost point of that position, is to be found in the fact that Barclay de Tolly and Bagration were, till the 25th, under the impression that the Shevardino redoubt was the left flank of the position, and that Kutuzov himself, in the report written in hot haste after the battle, speaks of Shevardino as the left flank of the position.

只是在很久以后，可以自由地写波罗底诺战役的报告时，才捏造出那一套奇谈怪论（大概是为一个不会犯错误的总司令辩护），说舍瓦尔金诺多面堡是一个前哨（其实，它不过是左翼的一个设防点），说波罗底诺战役是在我们预先选定的、在修筑了工事的阵地上进行的。

Only a good time later, when reports of the battle were written at leisure, the incorrect and strange statement was invented (probably to cover the blunders of the commander-in-chief, who had, of course, to appear infallible) that the Shevardino redoubt served as an advance post, though it was in reality simply the fortified point of the left flank, and that the battle of Borodino was fought by us on a fortified position selected beforehand for it, though it was in reality fought on a position quite unforeseen, and almost unfortified.

只是在很久以后，可以自由地写波罗底诺战役的报告时，才捏造出那一套奇谈怪论（大概是为一个不会犯错误的总司令辩护），说舍瓦尔金诺多面堡是一个前哨（其实，它不过是左翼的一个设防点），说波罗底诺战役是在我们预先选定的、在修筑了工事的阵地上进行的。

I am not too accusatorial or defensive by nature.

我天生不是那种愤愤不平、处处设防的人。

Adopting the model of uniform load and triangular load separately,MRFs of different story numbers and bay numbers are analyzed by static Pushover analytical method,and the global capacity envelopes are obtained.Then,through a method for establishing the inelastic demand spectrum of design intensity and rare intensity based on elastic spectrum of seismic design code for buildings,the structural target displacement of design intensity and rare intensity are estimated by improved capacity spectrum method.The corresponding structural ductility reduction factor,the overstrength factor,the structural influencing coefficient and displacement amplification factor are determined.

分别采用水平均匀分布力和倒三角分布力加载模式对不同层数和跨数的钢框架结构进行了静力推覆分析，并得到了结构的能力曲线，在此基础上，应用改进的能力谱法，以规范反应谱为基础建立设防烈度和罕遇烈度下的弹塑性需求谱，确定出结构在设防烈度和罕遇烈度下的目标位移，进而求解出结构的延性折减系数、超强系数、结构影响系数和位移放大系数等参数；同时，分析了不同加载模式、层数和跨数等对各系数的影响。

As an example, the deposited oil Offshore Platform BZ28-1 of BohaiOil Field in China was numerated with genetic algorithms. The results show that the proposed method is significative in the design of the platforms.5. Theory and method of optimum design of earthquake-resistant structures based on optimal fortification intensity were introduced. Optimum design was performed for Platform BZ28-1 of Bohai Oil Field in China according to principle of three-level fortification and aseismic design method of two-stage of code for aseismic design of buildings.

介绍了基于最优设防烈度的抗震结构优化设计的理论和方法，并以渤海油田BZ28-1储油平台为例，在目标函数中既考虑了结构的造价又考虑了损失期望，根据&小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒&三个水准的抗震设防原则，利用抗震规范的&二阶段&抗震设计方法，对其进行了结构优化设计，得到了考虑造价和损失期望、基于最优设防烈度的最优设计方案。

For example : national norms, in areas of our earthquake-proof residential projects prefabricated staircases time board must rest with the platform stairs reliable welding is a cost neither more nor technology investment difficult, but some construction units do not seriously, and even not getting to the mandatory standards, even as a child's play.

国家规范规定，在抗震设防地区，住宅工程预制楼梯踏步板必须与楼梯休息平台可靠焊接，这是一项既不多费投资也无技术困难的工作，但有的施工单位却不认真地做，甚至根本不做，将强制性标准的规定，竟视为儿戏，导致工程的抗震能力严重下降。

Yet the book did have a soul-sapping effect on unsuspecting Christians.

不过，本书的确对不设防的基督教徒灵魂产生了深刻的影响。

The main research contents are as follows:1. Through massive calculation, analysis and comparison, sum up the similarities and differences between the special-shaped cross sections and rectangular cross sections in mechanical features, between reinforced concrete special-shaped columns and rectangular columns in load-bearing capacity, ductility performance and provide necessary basic concepts and data for further understanding the characteristics of the special-shaped columns;2. Through massive elastic calculations and elasto-plastic analysis, under the preconditions of satisfying the code's requirements for axial compression ratio, limit value of lateral displacement and load-bearing capacity of normal section,oblique section and beam-column joint, under circumstances of different intensity of earthquake, structure dead weight, sort of site and column grid bay dimension, the variation regularity of maximum suitable height of structure, and thus sum up the maximum suitable height of structure for code for the purpose of macro-control while deciding the design scheme;3. Make a preliminary study on the stress feature of reinforced concrete special-shaped column and Z-shaped column of which the ratio of limb length to limb thickness is between 4~5 ,and the preliminary design method is suggested;4. Through elato-plastic time history dynamic analysis of typical projects, check up the weak storey of the special-shaped column structure and yielding, breaking and collapse mechanism to satisfy the earthquake resistant requirement to buildings of remaining stand under strong earthquake;5. Derive for project use simplified calculation formula of vibration period, suitable vibration period, suitable rigidity of special-shaped column structure through theoretical analysis, and provide an easy and practical method for deciding the structure scheme economically, safely and reasonably;6. Based on the study achievements in theory and massive analysis and calculations of this paper, sum up the regularities of inner force, deformation of special-shaped column structure and seismic conceptual design, and thus the suggection of seismic design of special-shaped column structures is presented.

本文研究的主要内容如下：通过大量的计算、分析和对比，总结出异形截面与矩形截面在力学特性、钢筋混凝土异形截面柱与矩形截面柱在承载能力、延性性能等方面的异同，为深入了解异形截面柱的特点提供必要的基本概念和数据；通过大量的弹性及弹塑性计算分析，在满足规程对轴压比、侧移限值及正截面、斜截面、节点承载力抗震验算要求的前提下，在不同抗震设防烈度、结构自重、场地类别及柱网开间尺寸情况下最大适宜高度的变化规律，并在此基础上总结归纳出异形柱结构的最大适用高度规定，可用于规程，以便于在确定方案时起到宏观控制的作用；对肢长与肢厚比在4～5的钢筋混凝土异形截面柱及Z形柱的受力特点进行初步探讨，提出初步的设计方法；通过对典型工程的弹塑性动力时程分析，检验异形柱结构的薄弱层及屈服、破坏、倒塌机制，以达到建筑物大震不倒的抗震设防要求；通过理论分析，推导出异形柱结构自振周期，以及适宜自振周期、适宜刚度的工程实用简化计算公式，为经济、安全、合理地确定结构方案提供简便实用的方法；在本文理论分析、计算以及大量的研究成果基础上，总结归纳出异形柱结构内力、变形的规律及抗震概念设计内容，并在此基础上提出异形柱结构的抗震设计建议。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。