不稳定的电流

The saturated calomel electrode at which smooth and dense CuInSe2 thin films with controllable stoichiometry were obtained.

SCE时出现了不随电位变化的极限还原电流，在该电位范围内进行电沉积获得了化学计量组成稳定可控且相对致密平整的CuInSe2薄膜。

The main contents in this dissertation are as follows:According to the theory of asymmetry operation, this dissertation has a research on the principle of ASVGs main circuit, eliminating the fundamental negative, zero sequence and harmonic current so as to realize operation in stabilization.

本文的主要内容如下：根据电力系统不对称运行原理，本文研究静止无功发生器的主电路结构和减小或抑制基波负序零序和谐波电流的机理，以实现电力系统的稳定运行。

The technique made full use of the characteristic of PR controller which can realize zero steady-state error in AC input signal in stationary frame. In the method, the active and reactive current component in the vector control strategy were transformed in the stationary frame to achieve the objective of keeping the DC-link voltage constant, adjusting the power factor and decoupling the active and reactive power. Compared with conventional double close-loop proportional integral controller, the PR technique is better in harmonic compensation without the complex rotating frame transformation and the couple or feedback voltage which is easily influenced by temperature and circuit parameters. The control algorithm is easy to be realized while the robustness and power quality is improved.

该方法充分利用了PR控制器能够在静止坐标系下对交流输入信号无静差控制的优势，将矢量控制策略下的有功电流和无功电流分量转换到静止坐标系下进行调节，实现网侧变换器维持直流电压稳定和调节功率因数的控制任务和双馈电机有功、无功功率的解耦控制，与传统的双闭环PI控制相比，该策略无需繁琐的坐标旋转变换，不存在受温度及电路参数影响的耦合项和前馈补偿项，且易于实现对系统低次谐波电流的补偿，减小了控制算法实现难度，提高了控制系统的鲁棒性和电网电能质量。

First the passivity of motor rotor flux subsystem is proved. Workless forces have no influence on the energy balance equation and have no effect on the asymptotic stability. Then it is discussed that the system can stably track the reference rotor flux without rotor flux observer. At last an adaptive PBC strategy is proposed with regard to the rotor resistance change. A clear and simple design for the speed control subsystem with inner current loops is presented.

证明了感应电机转子磁链子系统的无源性，找到系统能量耗散特性方程中的无功力，它不会影响系统的稳定性，得出无需转子磁链观测反馈即能稳定跟踪转子磁链的参考值，同时考虑电机转子电阻在运行中发生未知变化，设计自适应调节器使系统对转子电阻呈现鲁棒性，构建了带电流内环速度控制系统。

A new PID algorithm which combines improved discretely integral PID and inadequacy differential PID,makes the system stabilitate faster and exacter.

控温电路采用线性化电流方式，算法上对积分分离PID算法做出改良，并与不完全微分PID算法结合形成一种优化PID算法，能快速、精确的把温差稳定到目标值，控温精度达到0.01℃。

The result shows that new method can control the input current well sinusoidal, decreases harmonics components, keeps the DC voltage flatted, and provides fairly good fault ride-through capability for the PWM rectifier

结果表明，新的控制方法能使PWM整流器在故障电网下的输入电流正弦，抑制了谐波功率的产生，保证了直流电压的稳定，增强了PWM整流器故障不间断运行的能力。

This utility model is combined with controller series, attain the required voltage, and then put the resulting series DC voltage by oscillators converts AC voltage.each solar battery pack over-discharge buildingup, dangelmayer, adopted by the series of microprocessor and complementary components of the circuit to control this control circuit management, together with the ciyutuo program software to make up the " serries solar battery charging and discharging controller ", do not need inverter adrenotensin, you can be used directly for energy saving lamps or other to adapt to the mains voltage electrical and electronic appliances, and thereby save General inverter converts adrenotensin faches as a result of waste, and therefore reduce the time of conversion of electrorheological, Terminal′s makes solar power and use have become a stable and reliable.

本串联型太阳能电池充放电控制器就是结合控制器之间的串联，达到所需电压，再把串联所得到的直流电压，通过震荡器转换为交流电压。每个太阳能电池组对蓄电池的充、放电，采用串联的由微处理器及配套元件组成的电路进行控制管理，此控制电路并配合配套的程序软件组成了&串联型太阳能电池充放电控制器&，不需要逆变器升压，就可以直接使用节能灯或者其它适应市电电压的电子电器设备，从而省掉常规逆变器转换升压环节所造成的浪费，并因此减小转换时低压端的电流，使太阳能发电和使用都变得稳定可靠。

When the two grid-electrodes are "floating", the unstability of plate electrode current is measured to indicate the random diffusion of electrons and ions and the existence of voltage noise.

观测了两栅极之间处于&悬浮&状态时板极电流的不稳定，反映了电子和离子扩散的随机性与噪声电压的影响。

With this method the copper plating graphite powder was made up in 50% copper content .The silver- copper plating graphite composite was prepared while the silver- copper-graphite composite and the silver-graphite composite were also made up together .The mechanical and electric characteristics of the three kinds of composites were tested and it was found that the copper plating graphite powder can only optimize the properties of the silver matrix composite under the high content of the graphite ,the conductivity and the mechanical property was improved and the material could take higher current in the same carbon content .At 20% carbon content, the resistivity of Ag-graphite composite was 1.67 times as high as that of silver- copper plating graphite composite, the resistivity of Ag-Cu-graphite composite was 3.23 times as high as that of silver- copper plating graphite composite. The bending strength of silver-copper plating graphite composite was 2.17 times as high as that of silver- copper-graphite composite, and the bending strength was 2.11 times as high as that of silver- copper-graphite composite. The wearability of silver- copper plating graphite composite was also enhanced greatly at high carbon content.

利用该方法制备了50%铜含量的镀铜石墨粉，然后进一步制备了一系列相同碳含量的银-石墨复合材料、银-铜-石墨复合材料、银-镀铜石墨复合材料，对三种材料的机械、电气性能进行了综合对比，发现在低碳含量时镀铜石墨粉不能改善复合材料的上述主要性能，而在中高碳含量时则能明显优化复合材料的整体性能，提高了复合材料的电导率，使复合材料在中高碳含量时既具有较高的耐磨性同时也能负载较大的电流，复合材料的机械性能也因镀铜石墨粉的加入而大幅提高，20%碳含量时，银-石墨复合材料的电阻率是银-镀铜石墨复合材料的1.67倍，银-铜-石墨复合材料的电阻率为银-镀铜石墨复合材料的3.23倍，银-镀铜石墨复合材料抗弯强度是银-铜-石墨复合材料的2.17倍，是银-石墨复合材料的2.11倍，同时，在实验给定的条件下，中高碳含量时银-镀铜石墨复合材料的机械磨损耐磨性和通电磨损耐磨性都得以显著提高，银-镀铜石墨复合材料在实验时的接触电压降也更为稳定。

The direct electrochemical behaviors of horse radish peroxide on the bare glassy carbon electrode and the ODA-HMS PVA membrane modified electrode were studied, respectively.

实验结果表明：HRP在裸玻碳电极上和滴涂法所制备ODA-HMS聚乙烯醇凝胶膜中的直接电化学行为较差，只呈现一不可逆的还原峰，且峰电流随着扫描次数的增加不断减小，无法达到稳定。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。