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Two synthetic routes of Caffeine have been determined and investigated after the analyzing and trying for the literal synthetic methods. In one route, the target compound was prepared from chloroacetyl chloride through six steps, the total yield is 50.5 %. In another route, the target compound was obtained from cyanoacetic acid through six steps, the total yield is 45%.

对目前咖啡因工业生产工艺进行了研究，并分析了咖啡因工业生产中所存在的问题，本文提出两条可行的工业化合成路线：一条是以氯乙酰氯为起始原料，经过六步反应制得目标化合物，总收率50.5％；另一条是以氰基乙酸为起始原料经过六步反应制得目标化合物，总收率45％。

Desmodium styracifolium ; Plant density ; Carbon-nitrogen metabolism ; Yield per plant ; Yield per unit

广金钱草；种植密度；碳氮代谢；单株产量；单位面积产量

The effects of benzene, triethylamine, diethylamine and ethylene diamine on the shape, yield, N-dopping content and water-adsorption content of CN were discussed. CN materials with moderate N/C ratio (0.15) and high yield 2.2 g(gcat^(-1) were synthesized using diethylamine as the raw material.

比较了苯、三乙胺、二乙胺、乙二胺四种原料对合成CN形貌、产率、掺氮量和吸水率的影响；以二乙胺为原料合成出适中的氮碳比（N/C原子比为0.15）和较高产率2.2 g(gcat^(-1)的竹节状CN材料。

Its mechanism is the use of anthraquinone in alkali conditions off proton surface forming 10 more stable carbon anion face, but because carbon anion and oxygen ion exist between testosterone and enolate type each other changes, cause reaction product complex, at least five, reaction selectivity, product yield, separation difficulties, and product purity is not high, therefore, using the type and quantity of alkali, phase transfer catalyst type, solvent, to optimize the selection process conditions so as to improve the yield target product.

其机理是利用蒽酮在碱存在的条件下脱去氢质子面形成10位较稳定的碳负离子面进行，但是因为碳负离子和氧负离子之间存在酮式和烯醇式的互变，导致反应复杂，产物至少有五种，反应选择性差，产物分离困难，产率低，且产品纯度不高，因此，利用对碱的种类和量的多少，相转移催化剂的种类，反应溶剂的选择，来优化反应工艺条件从而提高目标产物的产率。

The second synthetic strategy commenced from butane-1,4-diol 50, which underwent monobenzylation, Swern oxidation, enolization followed by acetylation and debenzylation to yield an intermediate 46 in an overall yield of 54% in a 4-step procedure.

第二条路线从1，4-丁二醇50开始，这个化合物经过单苄基化、Swern氧化、烯醇化随后乙酰化和脱苄基化共4步反应得到中间体46，总产率54％。

In this paper, titanium ethoxide was synthesized by the direct electrochemical method. The production was characterized by Raman spectra. The effects of different factors on the voltage, current efficiency, material yield and space-time yield were investigated.

采用直接电化学法合成乙醇钛，采用激光拉曼光谱对产物进行了表征，详细探讨了电解时间、电流密度、支持电解质浓度、电解液温度以及电极间距对槽电压、电流效率、产物收率和时空产率的影响。

The results showed that the higher peptides yield was 38.96mg/g on the conditions of 1% brown sugar power,initial pH7.5,temperature 30 ℃,rotational speed 180 r/min and the substrate 7%,which was fermented 48 h.The higher yield of free amino acids was 0.344% when ferme...

结果表明，发酵培养基碳源为红糖粉添加量1%，发酵初始pH 7.5，发酵温度30℃，转速180 r/min以及底物浓度7%，发酵48 h时多肽含量达到38.96 mg/g，当发酵时间持续到72 h可得到较多游离氨基酸，含量为0.344%发酵48 h发酵液的香味较好。

The results showed that the highest yield of GLP among six strains was ShuShe.The effects of carbon source, nitrogen source, salt and the optimum initial pH value of medium on GLP produced by ShuShe were studied in liquid and solid fermentation respectively. The liquid and solid fermentive medium of high yield was selected by orthogonal experiment.

分别对液态发酵和固态发酵两种发酵方式的碳源、氮源、盐、培养基的起始pH 等对该菌株灵芝多糖生物合成的影响进行了研究，通过正交试验确定了高产灵芝多糖的液态发酵培养基和固态发酵培养基，液态发酵培养基的组成为：麦芽糖，3%；蛋白胨，0.4%；KH2PO4，0.15%；MgSO4，0.05%；培养基起始pH 为6。

The formyl-2.2-bisferrocenyl-propane was synthesized by formylation reaction of 2.2-bisferrocenyl-propane with DMF in the presence of POCl3 in CHCl3 at (55±2)℃ in high yield and conversion, the diformyl-bisferrocenyl-propane was also obtained simultaneously in low yield.

随着二茂铁化学基础理论的发展及二茂铁衍生物的大量合成，人们也逐步发现了它们在许多领域的应用前景[1]，尤其是作为燃速催化剂，具有比金属氧化物更高的燃速催化效果。

The formyl-2.2-bisferrocenyl-propane was synthesized by formylation reaction of 2.2-bisferrocenyl-propane with DMF in the presence of POCl3 in CHCl3 at (55±2)℃ in high yield and conversion, the diformyl-bisferrocenyl-propane was also obtained simultaneously in low yield.

随著二茂铁化学基础理论的发展及二茂铁衍生物的大量合成，人们也逐步发现了它们在许多领域的应用前景[1]，尤其是作为燃速催化剂，具有比金属氧化物更高的燃速催化效果。

He's a pretty westernised kind of guy.

他是一个非常西化的人。

National spirit is the moral kingpin for a nation to realize common ideal and goal.

一、中华民族精神的基本内涵党的十六大报告指出：在五千多年的发展中，中华民族形成了以爱国主义为核心的团结统一、爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息的伟大民族精神。