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In this research, the pubertal five-week-old SD rats were chose as experimental object to establish the animal model for simulating maxillary protraction, on which was imposed the orthopedic force of 85g with utilizing the self-devised maxillary protraction appliance. Located lateral X-ray cephalograms were taken to measure and analyze the changes of maxillary development after exerting the orthopedic force for 4 weeks. The technique of immunohistochemistry was used to investigate theexpression of TGF-, in frontomaxillary sutures and palatomaxillary sutures with identical force performing for different extent of time. The average hue was selected as indicator, which was measured by the means of the analysis system of pathological color images. The measuring data were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA in software SPSS 11.0 version.

本研究采用自行设计的上颌前牵引装置，以生长发育期5周龄SD大鼠为实验对象，施加85g的矫形力，建立了模拟上颌前牵引的动物模型，通过X线头影测量分析，观察施力4周后上颌骨的生长发育情况；应用免疫组织化学技术，检测同一力值作用不同时段下TGF-β_1在上颌骨的额颌缝、腭颌缝的表达，彩色病理图象分析系统测定每张切片中阳性染色细胞的平均灰度值，结果采用SPSS 11.0进行方差分析。

The changes of gonial angle were effected by the direction of force of chin cap. The gonial angle decreased if the line of force were from chin to condyle. Reversely, the gonial angle would increase because of the more vertical line of force directed from chin to sella.

颏帽装置对下颚角的影响会因施力方向而不同，如果颏帽的施力方向为从颏部到髁头，会使下颚角减少，如果颏帽装置的施力方向是从颏部到Sella点，比其他的研究的施力方向还高，反而会使下颚角随著时间增加。

After reviewing some research results of the human hand haptics, a measuring apparatus was constructed to measure the human fingers' contact force and contact areas. Then experiments were performed on in-vivo fingertips. From the experimental data, a contact force model was deduced to describe the real contact force properties of human fingertips.

通过分析虚拟环境中几种重要的接触力生成算法，结合人手的感知特性，构建了人手指接触力测量平台，研究了手指接触力和接触面积之间的关系，提炼出以接触面积为变量的指尖接触力的力学模型。

The force of valid legislation can be specified by the validity of protective force or abiding force,the validity of presume-legal or the validity of invariableness and the validity of fulfill...

立法主体的有效性、立法事项的有效性、立法程序的有效性和立法结果的有效性共同构成立法活动的有效性；立法的保护力与约束力、公定力与确定力、执行力与强制力均是立法作用力的体现。

Postural sway was measured by seven parameters derived from a force platform (kistler-9281). The seven parameters were: 1 CP sway area; 2 CP total excursion; 3 mean velocity of CP sway in the mediolateral and anterioposterior directions; 4 mean value of CP sway amplitude in the mediolateral and anterioposterior directions; 5 variability of CP sway amplitude in the mediolateral and anterioposterior directions; 6 mean value of the force signal in the mediolateral and anterioposterior directions; 7 variability of force signal in the mediolateral and anterioposterior directions; Repeated measures ANOVA procedures were used to analyze the effect of vision condition and ankle sprain.

身体摆动的大小以测力板量取的反作用力经过处理后的参数表示之，这包括，压力中心的摆动面积、压力中心的摆动轨跡长度、压力中心在两轴的平约摆动速度、压力中心在两轴的平均摆动幅度、压力中心在两轴的摆动幅度的变异性、反作用力在两轴的平均摆动幅度、反作用力在两轴摆动幅度的变异性。

A "time-dependent relaxation" method is proposed to accurately implement given photospheric footpoint displacements and force-free conditions. The method is applied to analyzing the energy buildup of coronal magnetic fields, and the numerical results confirm the Aly conjecture (the magnetic energy of the force-free field is bounded above by the fully-open field energy), and extends it from fully-open to partially-open force-free fields.

提出计算无力磁场的&时变松弛&方法，能精确实现光球足点位移和无力条件；采用该方法分析日冕磁场的剪切储能，验证了Aly猜想（无力场磁能以全开放场磁能为上限），并将该猜想由全开放无力场推广至部分开放无力场。

The shredding of agro-residues, such as corn stalk, straw, wood sawdust and other herbaceous biomass, were investigated in this dissertation. According to the machinery mechanics of shredding, the components, shearing strength and pressive strength of the biomass were analysed in theory, which played a critical role during the shredding process. And the powder was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy. It was founded that shearing,splitting and grinding force were appropriate for shredding biomass. The results also showed that primary shredding was the bulk shredding model, which was mainly affected by shearing and splitting force, therefore the curly knife and the straight knife were useful; while the fine shredding was the surface shredding model, affected by splitting and grinding force, and the straight knife useful.

本文以农林废弃生物质为研究对象，结合机械力破碎基础理论，从影响其破碎的化学组分和剪切强度、抗压强度等力学角度进行了理论研究，并运用扫描显微镜对破碎产物的微观结构进行了实际分析，结合二者得出如下结论：最适合生物质的施力方式为剪切力、劈碎力和磨削力；生物质粗破碎为体积破碎，主要受剪切力和劈碎力作用，刀片宜设计成弯口刀和单面直刃刀；细破碎为表面破碎，主要受剪切力和磨削力作用，刀片宜设计成双面直刃刀。

The purpose of this article: to study the force-testing method of the side-kick in free-fighting, and develop the new field of three dimensional force-testing according to many experiments by means of three-dimensional force plate; to discover the kinematics rules and characteristics of the side-kick in free-fighting through the experimental study on the side-kick's biomechanics and kinematics characteristics of 18 excellent free-fighting athletics coming from Shandong Province, which will provide reliable kinematics indexes and parameters for diagnosing and improving the motion skills of free-fighting side kick,and for free-fighting teaching and training, further systemize and scientize the theory research of free-fighting motion.

研究目的：运用生物力学的研究方法，通过KISTLER 三维测力平台测力的实验，研究了散打侧踹腿动作的力量测试方法，开拓了散打侧踹腿动作三维力学测试的新领域；通过对山东省18 名一线优秀散打运动员侧踹腿动作力学特征和运动学特征的研究，揭示了散打侧踹腿动作的运动规律和特征，为诊断、改进和提高侧踹腿动作的技术以及散打教学和训练提供可靠的运动学指标和参数，使散打运动的理论研究进一步系统化、科学化。

Our results showed that the most appropriate rib's level for applying force was below the apex of scoliotic spine. From this appropriate level, the stress delivered to its conjunctive vertebra was the highest, as 1.3~1.8 times compared with others. Furthermore, the correction of Cobb's angle was also the highest, achieved 15%. The ML force was dominant in alteration of Cobb's angle, whereas the AP force was dominant in alteration of axial vertebral rotation. In addition, initial vertebral rotation influenced neither correction nor stress.

研究结果显示由凸点椎体的下一节对应之肋骨施力能使传入椎体具最高平均应力，较其他施力位置高出1.3到1.8倍之间，对柯卜氏角度可达15%的最佳矫正率；其中侧向施力主导冠状面上的矫正，而前后向施力主导扭转角度的矫正；另外椎体初始旋转角度对侧弯矫正和应力分布均无明显影响。

There was a significant inverse correlation between sarcomere length and A/I (r=-0.686, P.05). 4 Relations of the skeletal muscle histological characteristics and meat quality The muscle fibre and the myofibrils diameter were thinner, the muscle fiber density was denser, the sarcomere length was longer and the meat color was redder. The A/I was bigger, the meat color was whiter, contrarily was redder. The right amount of fat content may improve the meat brightness. The muscle fiber diameter and the myofibrils diameter were the biggest factors to influence the skeletal muscle shearing force, their assumed the obvious linear correlation. The muscle fiber density influence on the shearing force was only inferior to the muscle fiber and myofibrils diameter. Mensurate the IFA from tectology angle may reflect in intramuscular fat content. However intramuscular fat was not enough to carry weight on the shearing force, it may mostly affected on the smack, but not the tenderness expression.

猪骨骼肌组织学特性与肉质性状的关系肌纤维和肌原纤维直径越小、肌纤维密度越大、肌节长度越长，肉色鲜红；肌节中暗带比例越大，肉色偏白，而明带比例大，肉色偏红；适量的脂肪含量可以改善肉的亮度；肌纤维直径和肌原纤维直径对骨骼肌剪切力的贡献率最大，呈明显的线性相关，肌纤维密度对剪切力的贡献率仅次与肌纤维和肌原纤维直径；从组织形态学角度测定肌内脂肪面积比一定程度上可以反映肌肉内的脂肪含量，而肌内脂肪对肌肉剪切力的贡献率比较微弱，对肉食用品质的影响可能更多表现在改善肉的风味，而不是嫩度的表达。

There had been a moment during the breakfast meeting, though, after the backslapping and the small talk and when all of us were seated, with Vice President Cheney eating his eggs Benedict impassively and Karl Rove at the far end of the table discreetly checking his BlackBerry, that I witnessed a different side of the man.

那次早餐会期间，在表示过关心和寒暄以后，我们所有人坐了下来，我注意观察了一下，副总统切尼面无表情地吃着班尼迪克蛋（Eggs benedict，源自美国，以英式松饼、火腿、水煮蛋以及荷兰酱组合而成），卡尔。罗夫在餐桌的远端谨慎地经常查看他的黑莓手机，我目睹了他所不为人知的一面。

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