查询词典 vortex flow

The above problems are studied in this thesis. First, the implicit NND scheme with mix flux splitting method proposed by Zhang Hanxin that is first order accurate in time and second order in space is modified. The modified scheme keeps the characteristics of fast convergence and is second order accurate both in time and space. It can be capable of simulating the unsteacly flow. Second, the topological method founded by Zhang Hanxin is improved to study the characteristics of vortex near the singular point on its axis and the cross streamlines on the longitudinal section passing the vortex axis. On the basis of topological results, a program which visualises numerical results is made out. It can help us analyse the characteristics of vortex motion.

本文对上述问题做了研究：第一，在数值模拟方面，借助于张涵信提出的NND算法和混合通量法，我们将他建立的时间为一阶、空间为二阶精度的快速隐式算法推广为时间和空间均为二阶精度的算法，这样做保留了原格式收敛快的特点，而且能适用于真实的非定常流态的计算；第二，将张涵信的拓扑分析方法加以推广，研究了涡轴附近及破裂点邻域内流场的空间特征，并以这些拓扑分析结果为指导，研制了一套显示计算结果的软件，这一软件能很好地帮助我们分析流场的计算结果和旋涡演变的特征。

The swirling flow inside the cyclone showed the Rankine vortex characteristics, i e, strong swirling vortex at the central region of the cross-section and weak swirling quasi-free vortex near the wall.

方形旋风分离器内的流动具有Rankine涡的特点，即中心部分为强制涡区，边壁附近是准自由涡区。

Experiments exposed that the inner flow of tooth space in the micro-channels was proved to be cycled flow after fully development. For the more, low velocity vortex cavities existed in the vertex angle and inner side of bend angle of straight angle micro-channel, while back flow only appeared in the internal side of bend angle of round angle micro-channel. It's easy to take place deposition in the low velocity vortex cavities, which is the main cause of blocking.

试验发现各类微通道齿间内流充分发展后是一种重复性流动，平角微通道顶角和转角内侧存在低速涡旋区，圆角微通道只在转角内侧出现回流，颗粒在低速涡旋区易发生沉积，是造成堵塞的主要原因。

In addition, the effect of the performance improvement and the influences on the flow filed due to the installation of flow-guide plate and the vortex generators and the change of outlet position will be investigated by executing a series of numerical simulation and comparison. Also, the optimum design parameters of the flow-guide plate, the vortex generators, and the outlet position will be found respectively.

接著对此集热器之循环水套，分别进行「变更出水口位置」、「加装导流板」以及在导流板上添加「涡流产生器」等一系列的改良设计与流场模拟分析比较，以找出最佳之设计参数组合。

When the positive curving angle increases, the total losses of cascades increase, the outlet flow angles vary acutely along the spanwise, the intensity and size of outlet trailing vortex increase obviously, however the intensity and scale of outlet passage vortex vary slightly, secondary flow at both midspan and endwall increase and the total averaged kinetic energy of secondary flow increases..

随着叶片正弯曲角的增大：叶栅总损失增加；叶栅出口气流角沿叶高剧烈变化；叶栅出口尾缘涡的强度和尺度明显增大，而叶栅出口通道涡的强度和尺度变化都不大；叶栅中部和端部二次流均增强，总平均的二次流动能增大。

Through the details simulation calculation of typical operation conditions of turbine, some conclusions are showed: the design of the overflowing parts is appropriate; the flow in the draft tube is smooth in the optimal operation conditions, the rotation direction of the vortex band is reversed to the runner in the large flow, and the rotation direction of the vortex band is identical to the runner in the small flow.

通过对水轮机典型工况点的详细计算分析，可以看出：各过流部件的设计符合设计要求；同时在最优工况下，尾水管没有明显的偏心涡带，在大流量工况下，尾水管直锥段内有与旋转方向相反的涡带；在小流量工况下，尾水管直锥段内有与旋转方向相同的涡带。

The stable clones are further identified by RT-PCR and Western blot; 6 MTT assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell growth of cells (AGS, SGC7901, MKN28, NIH3T3, GES-1); 7 Soft agar assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the clonality of cells (AGS, MKN28); 8 Nude mice assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell growth of gastric cancer cells (AGS, MKN28); 9 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell cycle distribution of cells (AGS, MKN28, NIH3T3, GES-1); 10 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell apoptosis of cells (AGS, MKN28, NIH3T3); 11 MTT assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the drug sensitivity of cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60, HL-60/VCR) in vitro; 12 SRCA is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the drug sensitivity of gastric cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR) in vivo; 13 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on adriamycin accumulation of cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60, HL-60/VCR); 14 Transmission electron microscope is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the sensitivity of SGC7901 cells towards drug-induced apoptosis; 15 Flow cytometry and DNA ladder assay are used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the sensitivity of cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60/VCR) towards drug-induced apoptosis; 16 Microarray is used to investigate the profiling of ZNRD1-responsive genes in gastric cancer cells (AGS, MKN28, SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR); 17 RT-PCR and Western blot are used to identify the results of microarray; 18 Reporter gene assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the transcriptional activity of cyclin D1; 19 Reporter gene assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the transcriptional activity of MDR1; 20 Kinase assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the activity of cyclin E-CDK2 kinase; 21 The antisensenucleic acids of p21 is used to inhibit the expression of p21, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of p21 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 22 The antisensenucleic acids of p27 is used to inhibit the expression of p27, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of p27 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 23 Liposome is used to up-regulate the expression of Skp2, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of Skp2 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 24 Western blot is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the stability of Skp2 and p27 in gastric cancer cells; 25 MVD assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the angiopoietic activity of gastric cancer cells; 26 ELISA is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the expression of VEGF165 in gastric cancer cells; 27 The roles of DARPP-32 in MDR of gastric cancer cells are investigated using gene transfection, MTT assay, SRCA, flow cytometry and DNA ladder assay.

应用杂交瘤技术制备ZNRD1的首个单克隆抗体；2）利用RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫组化检测ZNRD1在胃癌组织、胃炎组织、正常胃上皮组织、胃癌细胞和正常胃组织上皮细胞中的表达；3）构建ZNRD1的小干扰RNA载体，并测序鉴定；4）利用脂质体将ZNRD1的真核表达载体及其空载体转染胃癌细胞（AGS、SGC7901、MKN28）和小鼠成纤维细胞（NIH3T3），G418筛选后进行鉴定；5）利用脂质体将ZNRD1的小干扰RNA载体及其空载体转染药敏胃癌细胞（SGC7901）、正常胃组织上皮细胞（GES-1）、对长春新碱耐药的胃癌细胞（SGC7901/VCR）、药敏白血病细胞（HL-60）、对长春新碱耐药的白血病细胞（HL-60/VCR），G418筛选后进行鉴定；6）利用MTT实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（AGS、SGC7901、MKN28、NIH3T3、GES-1）生长的影响；7）通过软琼脂克隆形成实验检测上调ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞克隆形成能力的影响；8）通过裸鼠成瘤实验检测上调ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞体内成瘤性的影响；9）通过流式细胞仪分析ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（AGS、MKN28、NIH3T3、GES-1）的细胞周期的影响；10）通过流式细胞仪分析上调ZNRD1对细胞（AGS、MKN28、NIH3T3）的凋亡的影响；11）通过MTT实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60、HL-60/VCR）体外药物敏感性的影响；12）通过肾包膜下移植法检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR）体内药物敏感性的影响；13）通过流式细胞仪分析ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60、HL-60/VCR）内阿霉素蓄积和泵出的影响；14）通过透射电镜检测上调ZNRD1对SGC7901细胞凋亡敏感性的影响；15）通过流式细胞仪和DNA梯度试验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60）凋亡敏感性的影响；16）通过基因芯片检测ZNRD1高/低表达对胃癌细胞内基因表达谱的影响；17）利用RT-PCR、Western blot对基因芯片的结果进行鉴定；18）利用报告基因实验检测ZNRD1对cyclin D1的启动子活性的调节作用；19）利用报告基因实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对MDR1的启动子活性的调节作用；20）利用激酶试验检测ZNRD1对cyclin E-CDK2 激酶活力的影响；21）利用反义核酸技术抑制p21的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测抑制p21对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；22）利用反义核酸技术抑制p27的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测抑制p27对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；23）利用脂质体转染法上调Skp2的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测上调Skp2对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；24）利用Western blot检测ZNRD1对p27和Skp2的蛋白稳定性的影响；25）利用微血管密度实验检测ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞裸鼠移植瘤微血管形成的影响；26）利用ELISA检测ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞培养上清和移植瘤匀浆中VEGF165含量的影响；27）利用脂质体转染法、MTT实验、肾包膜下移植法、流式细胞仪和DNA梯度试验检测新耐药相关分子DARPP-32对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、对阿霉素耐药的胃癌细胞SGC7901/ADR）多药耐药表型的影响；利用脂质体转染法和MTT实验检测下调ZNRD1对DARPP-32介导的胃癌多药耐药的调控作用。

The simulation results of the cylinder-block model were given in the article, consistent with that of Middlemen"s. It was shown that the block part could improve the uniformity of the flow distribution. The analysis of the flow field of some materials with different power-law factor in the die designed by Mckelvey was close to that of Mckelvey"s. It was shown that the flow distribution was uniform in the die that can producesheets with 1200mm in width. During the analysis the flow channel was divided into several parts to get the details about the fluid flow in each area. A conclusion was drawn after analyzing the influence of the die pressure on the flow distribution, that the higher pressure is good for the output and bad for the uniformity of the distribution. Simulation of the die applying the cylindrical main runner showed the fact that when the cylinder replaced the cone the change of uniformity was trivial. The uniformity of the non-block flow channel was so poor that the block in the proper position of the die channel was necessary. The project of the die for the wider sheet was put forth, and the analysis of the fluid flow in the die was shown.

本文模拟了圆柱管缝隙流模型的三维流动场，得到了与Middlemen结论一致的流动均匀性，并通过模拟直观地展示了采用阻尼块可以改善挤出均匀性的现象；分析了多种幂率指数的流体在Mckelvey等人设计的流道模型中的流动分布，得到了与Mckelvey的分析结果接近的压力降和流量偏差；本文建立了1200mm幅宽机头流道的三维有限元模型，并逐个分析各个区域和多个截面的流动分布状况，由此揭示了1200mm幅宽L-型机头流道内的流北京化工大学硕士学位论文动分布基本均匀，并在分析了机头压力对于挤出流动分布的影响后得出结论：较高的机头压力可以获得较大的产量，但是不利于物料均匀分布；模拟了采用圆柱管主流道时机头流道内的流动分布，得出结论：主流道由圆锥管改为圆柱管时对流动均匀性影响不大，通过设置适当的阻尼仍然可以达到挤出平衡；模拟了两端进料式圆柱管无阻尼流道的流动均匀性后得到结论：两端进料式无阻尼结构的流动均匀性较差，宽机头中仍然有必要设置阻尼块；确定宽幅机头流道的基本方案，并设计了一种宽幅防水卷材挤出机头流道的结构，通过流动模拟表明该种结构的流动均匀性较好；考察了宽幅机头对于不同厚度片材的挤出适应性，得到结论：当生产不同厚度的片材时，阻尼块高度需要调整。

Flow regime and void fraction are important parameter in gas-liquid two-phase flow, the relation of differential pressure signal coming from Venturi tube and the flow regime of gas-liquid two-phase flow was studied in this paper, A kind of flow regime identification method of gas-liquid two-phase flow based on Hilbert-Huang Transform and fuzzy inference was put forward, the familiar flow regime identification of gas-oil and gas-water two-phase flow was achieved.

两相流动是一个十分复杂的过程，参数较多，检测相当困难。流型、空隙率是气液两相流中非常重要的参数，而且测量比较困难，还影响两相流其它参数的测量。

For vortex-liquid phase,the E-J relation could be described according to the Kim-Anderson model:U=U0(1-J/JC).While for vortex-glass phase,the electric field decays verydramatically with decreasing current density,so it is difficult to be observed with theinstrument has limited precision.In the intermediate current region,the E-Jrelations of the both phases could be fitted in terms of a phenomenological model:U=(U0/μ)[μ-1],it was concluded that the sign of μ-value changes fromnegative to positive when the temperature decreases lower than the glass-transitiontemperature Tg,meanwhile,the activation energy U enhances dramatically.Whilein the large current region,Zeldov's logarithmic model was suitable for fitthing theE-J curves of the both phase.Moreover,there was no abrupt change of U or thecharacteristic current density IC.However,the effective radius of vortex line variesremarkably around Tg.

对于涡旋液体相，小电流区的E-J关系可以用计及反跳的Kim-Anderson模型U＝U0(1-J/JC)来描述，而对于涡旋玻璃相，小电流区的电场随电流密度减小而迅速衰减，以致很快脱离了实验测量精度的范围；在中等电流区，两相的E-J关系可以用共同的唯象过渡模型U＝(U0/μ)[μ-1]来拟合，得到在玻璃转变温度Tg两侧μ值由正到负的变化，同时激活能U在Tg以下迅速升高；在较高电流区，两相的E-J关系可以很好的用Zeldov对数模型来描述，拟合结果表明U在Tg两侧的趋势没有明显变化，但是涡旋线的有效半径发生了显著变化。

For the head-teacher of the class said that I had seriously broken the school rules,which led me to a three-day suspend class.

为什么呢？因为我的班主任说我严重的违反了校规，于是让我停课三天。

Many of them believe that the conversion of thousands of working-class folk in England spared that nation from the mass carnage and the tyranny that came with the revolution in France.

他们之中有许多人相信，在英国数以千计的劳工阶级之悔改信主使英国免於遭受如法国大革命所造成的大屠杀和专制暴政。