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The differentiability of the initial stresses and elastic constants of the surrounding rocks of tunnels is discussed firstly from the point of view of finite element method.

1引言 输入参数(岩体力学参数、初始应力场)和岩体本构关系不准确是岩土工程数值模拟的两个瓶颈问题[1]。

It was shown that the structural parameter was strongly affected by the diameter and depth of tunnels. The structural parameter in vault direction decreased firstly and then increased along with the tunnel depth.

研究得出：围岩的结构性参数与径深和洞径密切相关；随着径深的增大，拱顶方向上围岩的结构性参数均呈现出先减小后增大的规律，存在一个最小值。

Soon the name became more commonplace, used by the populace as a whole. Rumours of a hideous, dark creature that stalked the alleyways and tunnels, its filthy claws ever ready to disembowel those who strayed, abounded within the city.

很快这个名字便普遍化了，成为谣言般的，丑陋的，在大街小巷潜行的，准备随时用恶爪掏出迷路者内脏的夜行动物的代名词。

There is a great impact on adjacent pile foundation due to the excess ground movements by tunneling, which will disserve the safety of adjacent buildings. The study on the influence of tunneling to the behaviors of adjacent piles is very important for the safety of adjacent buildings, and it is an urgent problem for developing city subway tunnels cosmically.

城市地铁隧道开挖引起地层变形超过一定范围，将对邻近建筑物桩基础产生较大影响，危及邻近建筑物的安全，故研究隧道施工对邻近桩基工作性状的影响，对确保邻近建筑物的安全尤为重要，是我国大规模发展城市地铁隧道必须解决的紧迫课题。

These flat, corrugated panels come in a variety of sizes and colors and can be used to make cage dividers, rectangular tunnels and much more.

这些单位，瓦楞纸板来在各种大小和颜色和可以用来制造笼分隔，矩形隧道和更多的工作。

The surface displacement and deformation caused by the construction of double parallel tunnels is more complex than the single tunnel s.

城市中隧道常以双孔平行隧道的形式出现，而双孔平行隧道施工地表位移及变形比单孔的复杂，通常第二条隧道要滞后修建，所以当第二条隧道施工时，会对第一条隧道施工地表位移及变形产生影响，同时第二条隧道施工地表位移及变形也会受到第一条隧道的影响。

In the latest tens of years for meeting with the economic and social double-quick development, a great many tunnels used in a variety of fields have been built in the world. The trend of tunnel construction is more and more long-deep.

近几十年来，为满足经济和社会快速发展的需要，世界上各种用途的隧洞工程的建设发展迅猛，其主要表现形式和趋势就是隧洞长度不断增大以及埋深的不断增加。

Beginning in 1900, boldt's family shared four glorious summers on the island in the alster tower while 300 workers - stonemasons, carpenters, and artists - fashioned the six story, 120 room castle, complete with tunnels, a powerhouse, italian gardens, a drawbridge, and a dovecote.

从1900年开始，boldt家族在岛上共用了4年的时间，动用了包括石工、木工以及艺术工人在内的300人的施工队伍，建造了这座6层楼高，拥有120间房间的alster城堡，包括通道，电机房，意大利式花园，小桥以及鸽子房等。

I remembered, from Fe Gang to Ying De, I needed to ride through several tunnels by bike, one of them was 450 meters in length, it was narrow and there was no any lighting in it, only the little bite sunshine from out of tunnel, I was afraid of vehicles, their noises were earsplitting, I was worried about I was bumped, I was worried about if there were some holes in dark tunnel, I was afraid of dropping down into them. I was full of dread and helplessness I never had, in front of me, only a little bit faint sunshine.

我还记得从佛冈到英德，我要穿过几个隧道，有一个450米长的，我走进去非常害怕，周围黑得什么也看不见，我第一次感受大什么叫伸手不见五指，里面又窄又没有灯，只有洞口那一点点光明，我很怕有车进来，那声音震耳欲聋，我担心它撞到我，我有怕里面有个洞我掉下去，心里被一种从来没有的恐惧和无助笼罩着，我眼前只有一点光明。

Unless the approval of the relevant railway transport enterprise is obtained and proper safety and protection measures are provided, the erecting of power or communications lines over or across a railway line, the laying of buried cables or pipes along a railway subgrade, and the digging of tunnels through or under a railway embarkment shall not be allowed.

在铁路线路上架设电力、通讯线路，埋置电缆、管道设施，穿凿通过铁路路基的地下坑道，必须经铁路运输企业同意，并采取安全防护措施。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。