查询词典 transformations

The ground-state energy and the average number of virtual phonons around the electron of a hydrogenic impurity confined in a parabolic quantum dot are calculated using the squeezed-state variational approach,which is based on two successive canonical transformations and uses a displaced-oscillator type unitary transformation to deal with the bilinear terms,which are usually neglected.

李伟萍 内蒙古赤峰学院物理与电子信息工程系，赤峰 024000肖景林内蒙古民族大学物理与电子信息学院，通辽 028043采用基于逐次正则变换的变分方法，利用单模压缩态变换处理包含声子产生湮灭算符的双线性项，研究了抛物量子点中束缚极化子的性质。

In the previous section, almost all transformations are invertible.

在上一节中，几乎所有的变换都是可逆的。

The dissertation mainly consists of two parts:1. The Reaction Chemistry of Alkynes under Palladium Catalysis Part 1 studies the reaction α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with alkenylpalladium intermediate generated by nucleopalladation, and discovered 1 the Pd-catalyzed tandem addition reaction of halides, alkynes and α,β-unsaturated carbonyls,2 the four-component tandem addition reaction of halides, alkynes and α,β-unsaturated carbonyls, 3 the tandem intramolecular oxypalladation-conjugate additionreaction of alkynoic acids with α,β-enals. These new reactions provide notonly efficient highly stereoselective methods for the synthesis of γ,δ-unsaturated,polyunsaturated carbonyl compounds and γ-lactonic aldehydes, but also thebasic transformations for a number of C-C bond formation reactions which can be usedto design synthesis of many acyclic, cyclic or polycyclic compounds.

本论文的主要工作分为两个部分：一、钯催化下炔烃的反应化学在本小组前人工作的基础上，我们详细研究了炔烃亲核钯化产生的烯基钯中间体与α，β-不饱和羰基化合物的反应，发现两价钯催化下卤离子-炔烃-α，β-不饱和醛酮的串联加成反应、卤离子-炔烃-α，β-不饱和醛酮的西组分串联加成及炔酸分子内氧钯化-串联Michael型加成反应；由此发展了γ，δ-不饱和醛酮、多不饱和羰基化合物和带有醛酮基侧链的γ-丁内酯衍生物的高立体选择性合成方法，这一过量卤离子存在下的烯基钯对α，β-不饱和羰基化合物共轭加成反应的发现，为大量碳-碳键形成反应的实现提供了基础，使我们能够从这一基本反应出发，设计和开发多种分子内、分子间的碳碳成键反应，以好的立体、区域选择性组建开链、环状及多环类型的化合物。

Over the last two decades, many research efforts have focused on characterizing martensitic transformations in TiNi.

在过去的二十年中，人们对TiNi合金中马氏体相变的特征进行了大量的研究。

The micromechanism of this kind of recovery is the thermal-mechanical martensitic transformations.

这种恢复现象的微观机制是热弹性马氏体相变。

The start temperatures of the martensitic transformations estimated by using this model are in agreement with experimental results.

用这个理论模型求出来的马氏体相变的开始温度与实验的观察十分相符，并能很好地解释奥氏体晶粒尺度和冷却速率对马氏体相变的影响，涨落在等温马氏体相变中所起的作用，以及在等温马氏体相变中孕育期在&鼻部&温度以上随温度上升而增加的现象和孕育期反比于奥氏体晶粒尺度的3次方的实验结果。

This is embodied by the following five transformations:i,from method-centrism to problem-centrism,i.e.to advocate that it is the problem researched thatdetermines research methods rather than vise versa:ii,"fromscientific objectivism"to"daoistic objectivism",i.e.to emphasize the daoistic conveniency;iii,from reductionismto holistic dynamism,i.e.to see a person and his mind and behavior as a coherent totalityrather than the sum of his functioning parts;iv,from the"thing"paradigm to"human"paradigm,i.e.to emphasize to bring those unique characteristics that makes a person as aperson back into psychological researches,which have been lost by mechanomorphicpsychology;v,from"single science"to"integrated science",i.e.to emphasize integratedthinking based on multiple levels to replace the traditional dichotomous thinking,and thusmake"humanistic science"to enclose"mechanomorphic science"in multi-levelintegration.

它具体体现在以下五大转变：（1）从方法中心论到问题中心论。主张问题决定方法，方法必须适合于问题。即，心理学应以&人&为出发点构建方法论，而不应不顾自身特性生搬硬套自然科学的方法论。（2）从&科学的客观&到&道家的客观&。

This is likely to have an effect on the pace at which new metamorphic transformations can be introduced.

这可能影响到变形病毒花样翻新的速度。

Study of China's economic history faces somegreat transformations such as widening its field,deepening itscontents,renewing its mothed and so on.

无论是以建设为中心的当代，还是伴随新技术革命而发生重大变化的当今世界经济，都对中国经济史的提出了新的、更高的要求。

Thus we fist study the relation between the 〓 transformations of〓 and its fixed points carefully.Then we give several important properties ofthis special nonelementary subgroup of 〓.

其次，我们对这种非初等群的不动点、极限集及其元素进行详细研究，得到了非初等群判别准则和〓型不等式。

Don not attempt to do something which you can not to do.

不要企图做那些办不到的事情。

The expression of CTGF and TNF-αweredetected by immunochemistry and the number of Clara Cells was calculated.

光镜下观察肺组织的病理变化，采用免疫组化染色观察肺组织中结缔组织生长因子和肿瘤坏死因子-α的表达和Clara细胞的数量。