查询词典 timber forest

Although forest insects and pathogens cause various detriments,they also make positive contributions to forest succession,material cycling and energy flow,a food source,creating wildlife habitat,etc.,and further,in an ecosystem perspective their contributions are critical to forest biodiversity,soil fertility and long-term forest health and sustainability,so forest managers must consider both the detrimental and beneficial functions of insects and pathogens.

森林昆虫和病原物虽然能引起林木损伤与死亡，但它们在森林演替、物质循环和能量流动、食物来源、创造野生动物生境等方面都作出了积极的贡献，而且在一个生态系统发展前景中，对于森林生物多样性、土壤肥力、森林的长时期健康和稳定性等方面，它们的促成作用也是必不可少的。因此，森林经营者应当考虑昆虫和病原物的害与益的两方面作用。

The concept system on forest carrying capacity is framed, and "forest actual carrying capacity"and"forest maximum carrying capacity" and"forest carrying quantity"and"forest carrying index"are defined in this paper.

3在明确了森林承载力评价的目的，确立了森林承载力评价的原则和时空尺度的基础上，建立了森林承载力评价的概念模型和逻辑框架，为森林承载力的评价提供了基本思路。

By the analysis of the dead leaves and branches and the holding water contents of five type standing forests—birch and larch mixed forest, larch planted forest, Chinese pine planted forest, birch natural forest and shrub forest in Wutai Mountain area, central Asia alpine region, the water conservation benefit among them was compared.

为了探讨不同林分水源涵养功能，为地域林业发展树种规划提供技术依据，该研究以中亚高山区五台山林区内五种不同类型林分为试材，调查分析了不同林分的枯落物及其持水量，比较了不同林分类型的涵养水源效益。

The water conservation benefit of soil for different forests was 277.28%-173.67% higher than that of grass slope, among them, the highest one was birch and larch mixed forest, the followings were larch planted forest, Chinese pine planted forest, birch natural forest, and the lowest one was natural shrub forest.

林地土壤的涵养水源效益比荒草坡高277.28%~173.67%，其中白桦落叶松混交林最高，落叶松人工林、油松人工林、白桦天然林次之，灌木林最低。

In this paper,based mainly on the heights above sea level of the upper limits of the modern dark coniferous forest zones in some mountainous regions and the climatic data obtained from 102 meteorological stations in China,the theoretic altitude of the forest line has been calculated and maps showing the altitude isolines of the forest line,the isolines of height differences between the permafrost limits and the forest line and the isolines of height differences between the modern climatic snowline and the forest line in China have been constructed respectively.

本文主要根据我国一些地区现代暗针叶林带上限的海拔高程和102个气象台站的气象资料，计算出我国的森林线的理论海拔高度，并编绘出我国的森林线高程等值线图以及多年冻土线与森林线高差等值线图和现代气候雪线与森林线高差等值线图。

Firstly, according to study dynamic changes of the elements structures in succession about natural and artificial forest, then summarized regular patterns;at the same time.based on the study of Coupling Relationship between structure and function of water conservation forest established the ideal structures from the stand level and the watershed level. The ideal structures from the stand level: uneven-aged, double layer and mixed structure, and trend to natural forest. The watershed level followed the same principle, that is double layer patches, uneven-aged forest well-distributed and to build up different forest patches in watershed.

首先，经过对北京山区水源林天然林和人工林结构要素的演替动态研究，提出其发展规律，同时依据水源林结构与功能耦合关系研究，从林分层次和流域层次上分别构建了水源林的理想结构，其中，林分层次上水源林的理想结构为：异龄、复层、混交的结构状态，林分结构趋于天然林结构的特征；在流域层次上水源林的理想结构为也应形成&复层&、&异龄&、&混交&的结构，即：在流域各水源林斑块间形成林冠层复层、斑块内部乔木、灌木、草本层的复层；不同水源林年龄面积上的均匀分布；形成不同水源林斑块间的镶嵌分布。

The system implemented forest fire model selection automatically and intelligently. BP artificial neural network model of forest fire model selection was build by treating forest fire environment data as inputting variable and treating appropriate forest fire model as outputting variable. At the same time, we studied the methods of acquiring and calculating data of inputting and outputting. The system implemented machine of model selection automatically based on dynamic data driven technology. We selected 72 items experimental data from historical forest fire records in Beijing to experiment and confirm the validity of model selection. It turned out that the reliability of model selection is more than 80 percent.

3基于BP人工神经网络方法设计了林火模型适宜性选择技术框架结构，通过神经网络形成林火模型选择知识，实现了林火模型的自动化和智能化选择；以火场环境因子为输入变量，以适宜火场环境模拟的林火蔓延模型作为输出变量，构建了林火模型选择神经网络模型；研究了输入、输出因子数据的获取与计算方式，实现了动态数据驱动的林火模型自动选择机制；以本京市为例，选择了有详细火场情况记录的72场林火作为实验样本，其中60条记录作为学习样本集，12条记录作为验证样本，对神经网络进行了学习和验证，实验结果表明，模型选择精度可达到80%以上。

In discussion about the usage of the timber materials and added preservatives, with the good physical property, timber of Matsu including Japanese red pine (Akamatsu / Pinus densiflora, Japanese black pine (Kuromatsu / Pinus pentaphylla) and , Japanese larch (Karamatsu / Larix leptolepis) could often been seen in the usage of timber trusses on the specifications before the Japanese governed period.

木屋架用材上，统治初期主要沿用日本既有用材概念，常可见仕样书中指定力学性能较佳之松材（包括日本赤松、日本黑松及日本落叶松等材）作为木屋架用材；而柳杉则是最普遍被使用之材料。

Single rope timber grabs do not rely on external sources of energy.with going up and down of the single rope the grab can automatically be opened or closed. Not only can it be applied in port's loading and unloading of timber,it is also ideal for loading and unloading of timber for the railroad, transportation and storage industries etc.

单索木材抓斗和多索木材抓斗以及液压木材抓斗不依赖外界能源，随单根起降绳的升降，抓斗就能自动启闭，不仅适用于港口原木的装卸，同时也是铁路，木材储运等作业理想的装卸工具。

We want to buy Timber Timber, Timber Products and Plank

我们要采购木材，木材产品和厚木板

We are forbidden from giving money to these shoeless, skinny children, as this will perpetuate begging.

向光着脚，骨瘦如柴的孩子施舍是不可以的，因为要招来无休无止的乞讨。

It would be hard not to fall victim to some sharpeyed policeman.

要想不被某个目光锐利的警察抓到，谈何容易。