查询词典 timber forest

This course is an attempt to give the students the basic idea and method of forest management in order to prepare the management plan; Place of forest management in forestry; Content of forest management; Guide principles of forest management; Sustained working; Silvicultural system; Forest yield; Increment; Volume increment; Quality increment; Price increment; Total price increment; Forest maturity; Indicating percent; Productive stage; Physical rotation; Technical rotation; Rotation of maximum volume yield; Highest forest rent rotation; Financial rotation; Cutting cycle of selection system; Normal forest; Normal distribution of age classes; Normal arrangement of stands; Normal increment; Normal growing stock; Normal yield; Improvement of actual forest; Reserve forest; Reserve fund; Planning and plan of forest management; Forest regulation; Area allotment; Volume allotting method; Volume frame work; Area-volume combined frame work; Growing stock; Utilization percent method; Difference method; Pure age-class; Growth method; Control method; Forest subdivision; Forest surveying; Forest survey; Certainty of future policy of forest; Selection of species; Decision of silvicultural system; Decision of rotation; Regulation of future yield; Preparation of management plan; Working the plan; Control and revision of management

本课程之目的为使学生了解森林经营之基本观念及方法，以期编订经营计划，课程包括森林经营学在林学上之地位、森林经营学之内容、森林经营之指导原则、保续作业、森林作业法、森林收获、生长、材积生长、形质生长、腾贵生长、总价格生长、林木成熟期、指率、生产期、自然轮伐期、工艺轮伐期、材积收获最多轮伐期、森林纯益最大之轮伐期、财政轮伐期、择伐林之回归期、法正林、法正龄级分配、法正林分排列、法正生长、法正蓄积、法正伐采额、现时林之改良、预备林、预备金、森林经营上之规划及计划、收获预定、面积配分法、材积配分法、材积平分法、折衷平分法、蓄积法、利用率法、较差法、纯粹龄级法、生长量法、稽核法、森林区划、森林测量、森林调查、将来森林经营方针之确定、树种之选定、作业法之决定、轮伐期之判定、将来收获之预定、经营管理计划之编订、计划之执行、经营管理计划之稽核与检订。

The theory of "harmonious forest farm" reckons that:①State-owned forest farm is an exoteric complex-system, which is the coupling of forest ecosystem, forestry economic system, and social system in forest farm;②Harmonious forest farm is the farm constructed under the background of socialist market economy and building a moderately prosperous society;③The features of "harmonious forest farm" are the development of production, the prosperity of life and good ecological environment;This farm is a modern state-owned forest farm, the symbols of which are the high value of itself, the good benefits of wokers and the abundance of forest resources;④The key of it is the harmony of farm and society, farm and environment as well as farmitself——that is to say,"harmonious forest farm" should aim to meet the needs of the country and thesociety; forest management should put maintaining and enhancing biodiversity, forest ecosystem health and integrity to the center; inside the forest farm, there should form the mechanism of balancing interests and learning mechanism for sharing at the core of the executive feedback mechanism of forest management, advancing the workers to form a comradely mutual aid relationship.

其要点是：①国有林场是开放的复杂系统，它由森林生态系统、林业经济系统、林场社会系统耦合而成；②和谐林场是在社会主义市场经济和全面建设小康社会背景下建设的林场；③和谐林场是以生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好为特征，以国有林场价值高、林场职工福利好、森林资源丰富为标志的现代国有林场；④和谐林场的关键是要求林场与社会、林场与环境以及林场自身达到和谐，即"和谐林场"必须以满足国家与社会的需求为目的，在森林资源经营上，始终以维持与提高生物多样性、森林生态系统的健康与完整为中心，在林场内部形成以森林经营方案执行反馈机制为核心的利益均衡机制和学习共享机制，促进林场干部职工形成同志式互助关系。

The auther studied the community ecology of soil pro-tozoa by chosing the five representative forest types,korean-pine-broad-leaved forest,broad-leaved-korean-pine forest,korean-pine forest,broad-leaved forest andsylvesfriformis-pine forest in the coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest zone on northern slope of ChangbaiMountain during the summer of 1985-1987 in order tounderstand the composition of species and number of soilprotozoa in different forest types of the coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest zone;species dibersity indexand evenness index of soil protozoa in community;pro-tozoan density and biomass;noteworthiness of the re-gularity of protozoan number variance;distributionpattern in community;horizontal distribution;relation-ship of vertical distribution and soil micro-environ-ment etc.,and compare the similarities and differencesof these five forest types according to feature ofsoil protozoan community,and finally summarize thetheoretical regularity,the index or the evidonceof the best forest-type structure.

本文工作的目的是通过对不同林型下土壤原生动物的群落组成，群落结构特征的研究，以及对凋落物分解过程中原生动物种类和数量的初步调查，来探索土壤原生动物在指示环境条件和林型结构特征方面的可能性作用。

Beijing environmental problems hold severe, and atmospheric and water pollute, soil and water loss, hot island and yawp are leading problems,and take on territorial characteristic. Based on research on relativity between urban forest and these environmental problems, urban forest can effective improve environmental quality in Beijing. And for the aim of improve environmental quality, Beijing forest overlay should attain 35% at least in citywide range, and local-areas being severe environmental problem should be provided with higher forest overlay.5. Through the study on urban forest needed capacity, Beijing's forest coverage is up to par in citywide range, but montanic forest coverage, plain covered with trees and average forest area are lacking, and CO2 and O2 balance is incapable;form the point of heat and balance CO2 and O2 balance,urban forest the city zone and suburb is lack. There is urban forest developmental potential space,but the city zone and suburb area need be compensated form urban forest in circumjacent region.6. On the based of the above results and ecological network system, the author drived whole region into city area, plain and mountain area are needed at the point of planning thoughts of running-through forests and water .

根据城市森林与北京市主要环境问题的相关性分析，城市森林在改善这些环境问题中具有重要的作用，为有效改善这些环境问题，整个北京市域范围内森林覆盖率至少达到35%，并且分布比较均匀，环境问题严重的局部区域需要不同程度增加森林覆盖率。5、通过对北京市城市森林需求量研究发现，虽然在市域范围内北京森林覆盖率达到了国家标准，但是山区森林覆盖率、平原林木覆盖率、城区人均森林面积不足；从区域热平衡和碳氧平衡角度分析，城区和郊区不能满足本区域的城市森林需求量，虽然北京市城市森林具有一定的发展潜力，整体上基本可以满足城市需要，但是这些区域需要依靠周边区域城市森林的补偿。6、根据以上的研究结果，以中国森林生态网络体系建设的点、线、面布局理念为指导，以&林网化——水网化&作为优化理念，将北京市整个市域划分为城区近郊区及其辐射区域，平原区和山区三大区域，依据三大区域特点进行城市森林布局优化。

These changes include both positive changes from nonforest to forest and negative changes from forest to nonforest. The top ten changes by area were as follows: plantation to cut area, forest toopen forest, forestto cut area,non forest to forest, barren land to forest,plantation to plowland,forest tobarren land,plantation to barren land,nonforest landto forest and open forest to forest.

森林资源变化依次是经济林变成采伐迹地、林分转变为疏林地、林分转变为采伐迹地、非林地向林地转变、宜林地转变为林分、经济林转变为耕地、林分转变为宜林地、经济林转变为宜林地、未成林地转变为林分、疏林地转变为林分。

Article 8 For national focal point shelter belt, and forest for special uses, the competent forestry authority of State Council shall produce opinions and report to the State Council for approval, then promulgate it; for local key shelter forest and forest for special use, the competent forestry authority of the people's government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the central authority shall produce opinions and report to the people's government at the same level for approval, then promulgate it; for other shelter forest, timber forest or special-use forest as well as economic forest or fuel forest, the competent forestry authority of people's government at county level shall demarcate according to the state's relevant regulations on forest categorization and the arrangement and organization of the People's government at the same level, and report to the people's government at the same level for approval and promulgation.

第八条 国家重点防护林和特种用途林，由国务院林业主管部门提出意见，报国务院批准公布；地方重点防护林和特种用途林，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府林业主管部门提出意见，报本级人民政府批准公布；其他防护林、用材林、特种用途林以及经济林、薪炭林，由县级人民政府林业主管部门根据国家关于林种划分的规定和本级人民政府的部署组织划定，报本级人民政府批准公布。

When big, moderate rain and rainstorm, the Y value size order is always the masson pine pinus elliottii mixed forest＜the wetland pinery＜the wetland pinery＜the locust tree forest＜the locust tree pinus elliottii mixed forest＜the thin forest, to the soil protection effect, the conifer forest is better than broad leaved forest. For annual rainfall erosion, the Y value ordered: Locust tree forest＜wetland pinery＜locust tree pinus elliottii mixed forest＜wetland pinery＜masson pine pinus elliottii mixed forest＜thin forest.

大、中雨和暴雨时，Y值的大小顺序都是马尾松湿地松混交林＜湿地松林＜湿地松林＜刺槐林＜刺槐湿地松混交林＜疏林，对土壤保护效果针叶林优于阔叶林；对于年降雨侵蚀，Y值的大小顺序是：刺槐林＜湿地松林＜刺槐湿地松混交林＜湿地松林＜马尾松湿地松混交林＜疏林。

We want to buy Flooring, Timber, Timber Products and Plank, Hardwood Beech Flooring, Parquet Floor, Timber Wood Flooring, Hardwood Beech Flooring, Parquet Floor, Timber Wood Timber, Timber Products and Plank

我们要采购地板，木材，木材产品和木板，硬木山毛榉地板，镶木地板，木材，木地板，硬木山毛榉地板，镶木地板

In terms of wrapping materials, there is 9% of wrapping using timber, greatly surpassed that of US and Germany which are 2%, and that of Japan 5%. Thus to develop the plastic instead of timber, is a big trend. In terms of decoration materials, with China real estate development, the demand of decoration materials has been increasing in quantity and quality. In terms of price, the free-planed medium rank timber floor is about 160 to 200 RMB per ㎡, top-quality timber floor is about 200 to 400 RMB per ㎡, but the good-performed composite timber floor is around 80 to 100 per ㎡, and their qualities and exterior conditions are pretty even. The products would enjoy huge market. When the construction has been completed, an annual output of 100 thousand interior decoration materials like ground floor, window frame, allotypic timber can be reached.

在包装材料方面，我国包装材料中的木材用量占9％，大大高于美、德2％，日本的5％，因此发展&以塑代木&势在必行；在装饰材料方面，随着国内房地产业开发，建筑市场装饰材料的需求量及档次在不断增加；在价格方面，国内免刨中档木地价格160-200元／平方米，高档木地板在200-400元／平方米，与其质量、外观不相上下，而性能良好的复合木地板，经测算价格只有80-100元／平方米左右，产品市场前途极其广阔。

The ecosystems were classified into 13 types including valley rain forest, mountainous rain forest, tropical monsoon forest, mountainous coppice forest, mountainous ever green forest, tropical coniferous forest, shrubs, plantation, timber forest, windbreak forest, mangrove, savanna, and crop land, and then, the regulation services and their economic values of Hainan Island ecosystem were assessed and evaluated by terms of water-holding, soil-conservancy, nutrient cycle, C fixation, and windbreak function.

研究表明，2004年海南岛基于生态系统服务功能的绿色GDP为1042.80—1072.84亿元。其中传统GDP为769.36亿元、环境污染经济损失为10.54亿元、生态GDP为283.98—314.02亿元。经分析可知道：海南岛由于工业并不发达，其环境污染损失并不严重，只占传统GDP的1.4％；然而海南岛生态系统服务功能所提供的价值却是非常大，其中生态GDP是传统GDP的37％—41％。

I had a lovely dog named PiPi, he was one of my best friends.

我曾经有过一只小狗，它的名字叫皮皮，它很善良，它是我最忠实的朋友。

Newly ovulated mouse oocytes were cultured in the CZB medium supplemented with different concentrations of pyruvate before treated for activation or assayed for MPF activity.

我们猜测卵母细胞在不含丙酮酸的条件下老化的更快，并且卵丘细胞可能通过消耗不含葡萄糖的CZB中的丙酮酸从而促进卵母细胞老化。