查询词典 theory of estimation

According to the theory of efficiency estimation and the theory of motivation, the establishment of a faculty promoting mechanism based on the kernel values such as achievement, economic advantages and affectional compliments, will surely mobilize the activity, initiative and creativity of the majority of faculty members.

根据效用评价理论和动机理论，建立以成就、经济、情感为核心的高校教师激励机制，必将充分调动广大教师的积极性、主动性和创造性。

STAT 581 Advanced Theory of Statistical Inference (3) Limit theorems, asymptotic methods, asymptotic efficiency and efficiency bounds for estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, Bayes methods, asymptotics via derivatives of functionals, sample-based estimates of variability:; robustness; estimation for dependent data, nonparametric estimation and testing.

高级统计推断理论：极限理论，渐进方法，渐进有效和估计的效率，加大似然估高级统计推断理论：计，贝叶斯方法，泛函数的微商渐进性，基于样本的估计：(bootstrap 和 jackknife 方法)；稳健性；独立数据的估计，非参数估计和经验。

First, mathematical foundation of synchronization, i.e. the theory of parameter estimation is introduced. Then, DA/DD or NDA timing synchronization methods based on the ML estimation of timing parameter are presented. They are all widely applied in actual digital communication systems. Interpolation theory in digital signal processing has application in timing synchronization, which makes the sampling clock independent of the timing control so that timing adjustment is realized completely through digital disposal. The issue of interpolation in timing synchronization is discussed.

首先，介绍了定时同步实现的数学基础，即信号参数估计理论；从定时参数的最大似然估计出发，介绍了基于数据辅助的定时同步方法和基于非数据辅助的定时同步方法，他们在实际的数字通信系统中均有广泛应用；论文探讨了数字信号处理中插值理论在定时同步中的应用，它使得接收端的采样时钟独立于定时控制，定时调整完全通过数字处理方法得以实现。

After studying the theory of combined signal processing with acoustic pressure and particle velocity, a method of direction estimation underwater, which is based on intensity measurement using an acoustic vector sensor, is presented. In the low frequency field with kinds of line-spectra, azimuth angle estimation is achieved based on the probability density statistics and bar graph approach. It can preferably resolve the problem of left/right bearing resolution and estimate the direction of space.

为了对水下目标进行定位，基于声压与振速联合信号处理的理论，研究了复声强法对水下目标信号的定向技术，并使用概率统计和直方图的理论对目标的方位角和俯仰角值进行了估计，在线谱分量存在的低频段对估计角度进行了概率统计，较好地解决了左右舷的分辨问题，实现目标的全空间无模糊定向。

The Cramer-Rao lower bound theory is a very important part of the theory of signal detection and is of great value to parameters estimation.

Cramer-Rao下界是信号检测理论中的重要部分，它对参数估计有相当大的价值。

based on the analysis of the traditional gnss carrier phase measurement model and the rule of the integer ambiguity estimation,the quality of normal integer mapping is gained,then,the theory of rough integer mapping is proposed,the question of gnss integer ambiguity estimation is solved,the searching efficiency of integer ambiguity is improved,the problem of gnss carrier phase measurement in a certain extent is solved.

摘 要：在分析传统的基于gnss载波相位测量模型对整周模糊度解算的一般规律后，得出一般归整映射的性质，进而提出粗糙归整映射理论，用来解决整周模糊度浮点解归整问题，提高了整周模糊度的搜索效率，一定程度上解决了载波相位实时测量的技术难题。

The main contents is: analyzing some detection method to moving target nowadays; particular studying the principle of detection moving target in SAR; analyzing SAR imaging theory and the echo model of moving target; discussing conventional SAR imaging , the movements of target cause the changes of doppler mass center and regulable frequency, and the changes cause effect the imaging result; introducing the estimation method of doppler parameter; analyzing theory of DPCA, derivating the formula needed, and validating it's validity and practicability through simulation; advancing the improved DPCA algorithm that combine the advantage of DPCA and ATI, and validating it through computer simulation; using the revision algorithm to range ambulate based on keystone transformation, and validating it through computer simulation; discussing the compensation art of SAR imaging.

主要内容有：分析了现有的一些动目标的检测方法；详细研究了SAR动目标检测的原理；分析了SAR成像理论和运动目标的回波模型；探讨常规SAR成像时，目标运动引起的多普勒质心和调频率变化，以及这些变化对成像结果的影响；介绍了多普勒参数的估计方法；分析了DPCA原理，推导所需要的基本公式，并仿真验证其有效性和实用性；提出了结合DPCA和ATI优点的改进DPCA算法，并仿真验证；探讨了SAR成像中的运动补偿技术。通过对仿真结果的分析，本文提出的方法具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。

The measurement system error model analysis is introduced into power system real time network state analysis as an important part for the first time, which can improve on the state estimation quality and provide the capability to monitor the operation of the measurement system; 2. The theory and algorithm of the on-line estimation and update of measurement noise variance based on the relation between the residual variance and noise variance. The statistic properties of the sample variance are discussed and the relation between the estimation precision and sample size under given confidence level is derived; 3. The theory and algorithm of detection and identification of measurement bias are presented, which is based on the relation between residual mean and noise mean. The statistic properties of sample mean are discussed and the relation between estimation precision and sample size is derived; 4. The Givens orthogonal transformation algorithm is selected to be the essential algorithm of state estimation, the fast orthogonal transformation algorithm with damp factor and the algorithm which can handle the zero injection measurements efficiently are presented; 5. The quantity analysis theory of bad data detectivity and identifibility are presented, which describes the relation between the elements in matrix W〓 and bad data amplitude and can provide the theory base for measurement system design and valuation.

一、首次将量测系统误差模型分析做为一个环节引入电力系统实时网络状态分析中，为EMS系统增加了实时监视系统运行、修正量测系统误差模型的新功能，进一步发挥了实时网络状态分析应用软件的潜力；二、首次提出了应用样本方差在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的基本理论，讨论了样本方差的统计性质和概率分布，推导出了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的关系，给出了在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的算法；三、首次提出了应用样本均值在线检测与辨识量测偏差的基本理论，讨论了样本均值的统计性质，推导了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的基本关系，给出了在线检测与辨识量测偏差的算法；四、在状态估计算法设计中，以Givens变换算法做为基本算法，提出了快速正交变换阻尼因子法和可以有效地处理零注入量测的混合法，并对实时应用中的一些问题进行了讨论；五、提出了不良数据可检测性与可辨识性的定量分析理论，揭示了描述量测系统配置、网络结构与参数的残差灵敏度矩阵中的元素与不良数据的幅值在可检测、可辨识能力上的定量关系，为量测系统配置设计与评价提供了理论基础；六、综合国内外最新研究成果，采用自适应自回归预测技术和稀疏矢量技术，构造了较完善的不良数据检测与辨识算法。

Burg maximum entropy spectral estimation theory of modern spectral estimation is introduced in this paper, and the PSD is simulated by VC ++.

介绍了现代功率谱估计中的Burg算法最大熵谱估计的基本原理，并采用VC++语言对功率谱密度进行了仿真。

In this paper, problems of trend test in clinical experiment are studied mainly by the statistical inference method under order restriction. The ori- gins of order restricted statistical inference are usually dated back to the early 1950s. At about the same time, a number of researchers started working inde- pendently on similar problems. The field developed rapidly during the 1960s and early 1970s and formed the more perfect theory of estimation and test- ing.

中文题名临床试验中的趋势性检验副题名外文题名 Trend test in clinical experiment 论文作者马艳萍导师史宁中教授学科专业概率论与数理统计研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位吉林大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数97页关键词临床试验趋势性检验数理统计约束下统计推断馆藏号BSLW /2003 /R311 /1 本文主要利用序约束下的统计推断方法对临床试验中的趋势性检验问题进行了研究。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。