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In the idea of math teacher's education specialty, I put forward the instructional thought like"adequate to theory","attach importance to practice","system innovation"and"literacy standard", improve the structure of curriculum on the curriculum system construction of math teacher's education specialty, promote the character of teacher specialization, enhance the integration of general course, protrude the literacy of teacher specialization, reduce math specialized course, promote the function of"Educational Academy", regrade two kind educational course, strengthen thought integration, construct course modality of"Subject Amalgamation", unfold the summary of course structure and proportion of math teacher's education specialty. In the integration of curriculum and teaching model, according to the different kind of curriculum nature and learning stage of teacher's education specialty, I think there are three leading type to teaching model and learning stage, that is, participating teaching and meaningful receptive learning, eliciting teaching method and research study, case based teaching and reflective learning, and put forward operability suggestions to teaching practice.

在数学教师教育专业理念上，提出了&理论够用&、&实践为重&&体系创新&和&素养本位&的指导思想；在数学教师教育专业课程体系构建上，提出优化课程结构，提升教师专业化品性；加强通识课程统整，突出教师专业化素养；精减数学学科专业课，并增进&教育学术性&功能；精选两类教育类课程，强化统整思想，并构建出&学科融合&式的课程样态，展现了数学教师教育专业课程结构、比例的概略性图谱；在课程与教学模式整合问题上，笔者提出了按照教师教育专业学生学习的课程属性和学习阶段不同，形成三个主导型教学模式与学习方式，即参与式教学与有意义接受学习、启发性教学和研究性学习、案例式教学与反思性学习，并对对教育实习提出具有操作性的建议。

After reviewing the traditional teaching assessment for solfege, this article , starting from the theoretical basis of the development teaching assessment for Solfege and the revelation, idea and characteristic it brought to the teaching assessment for solfege and taking the solfege class in the music department of Quanzhou Teachers" College( which the author of this article works with) for example, carries out a preliminary study on the implementation of the development assessment in the teaching assessment for the Solfege in the said college on three aspects - students" assessment, teachers assessment and class teaching assessment, through studying and analyzing the relevant history and literature, interviewing, observing and action researching, and thus provides new information for the reform of teaching assessment for Solfege

本文在对传统的视唱练耳教学评价进行反思后，从发展性视唱练耳教学评价理论依据、理念、特点出发，以本人任职的泉州师范学院音乐系视唱练耳学科为例，通过历史法与文献法、访谈法、观察法和行动研究法的调查分析，从如何进行学生评价、教师评价、教材评价三个方面，对发展性视唱练耳教学评价在泉州师范学院音乐系视唱练耳教学评价中的实施进行初步研究，为视唱练耳教学评价改革提供了新的信息。

Teaching full of playfulness has great meaning for changing the phenomena of the lose of man\'s integrity, freedom and intrinsic need. It is also meaningful to change the facts that teaching is separated from real life, that teaching highlights results and despises process, that teaching process pursuits for precise, that teaching rights are catabolized, that teaching strengthens learning by rote and mechanical training.

充满游戏性的教学对改变教学中人整体性、自由性、合理需求性的失落，教学脱离现实生活，只重过程，不重结果，教学过程过于精确化，教学话语权异化，死记硬背，机械训练等现象有重要的意义。

Since the 1990s, he has proposed that the fundamental task of Chinese teaching is language learning, that its purpose is to improve students' ability to comprehend and apply Chinese, the essence is to direct students acquire the language while practicing on the basis of their development and the major method language-sense teaching. He has asserted that the language-sense teaching method must follow the steps of feeling, apprehending, accumulating and using of language. The practice and analysis of language-sense method must be of equal importance, and closely combined to moral education, thought training, aesthetic edifying, and Chinese language impartment. He has also claimed that teaching material should be compiled with more contents, more refinement and higher starting point in terms of students' actual development of language skills. His analysis of the long-term misplays in Chinese language education is profound and the repositioning and re-interpretation to the facts as purpose, task, essence, subject, method and materials of Chinese language teaching are full-scaled. In terms of teaching, Hong has stressed on the cultivation of the ability of language acquisition and intuition.

上世纪90年代以来，他先后提出语文教学的根本任务是学习语言；语文教学的目的是提高学生正确理解和运用祖国语言文字的能力；语文教学要以学生发展为本，&变讲堂为学堂&，指导学生在实践中学习语言；语文教学的主要方法是语感教学；语感教学要遵循&感受、领悟、积累、运用&的途径，坚持语感实践与语感分析并重，并与思想教育、思维训练、审美陶冶、语文知识教学紧密结合，与生活密切联系；根据学生语言发展的实际，大容量、高起点、选精品编写教材等一系列主张，从理论上对语文教学的长期性失误作了深刻剖析，对语文教学的目的、任务、本体、主体、方法、教材等问题进行重新定位和诠释。

By systemizing democratic teaching theories with historical and logical thinking, integrating into our educational tradition and teaching practice, this dissertation tries to establish our native idea of democratic teaching. Executing investigation under the guidance of the modern democratic teaching idea, universal non-democratic phenomenon has been found in teaching process, management of the classroom order, teaching evaluation and the relationship between teachers and students.

本研究运用历史与逻辑的方法对民主教学思想进行梳理，结合我国教育传统和中学教学实际，确立了具有本土特色的民主教学观，并以现代民主教学观为指导，对中学教学和师生关系的现状进行调查，揭示了教学过程、课堂管理、教学评价和师生关系等方面普遍存在的非民主现象。

In the fourth part ,on the basis of profound understanding about the two enterprise theorise, combining the fact of postgraduate teaching management in our country, I put forward my own opinions on building our postgraduate teaching quality management system, and expatiate the principles, approaches and the frame content which includes four parts: teaching decisionmaking, teaching resource management, teaching process management and the supervision and feedback of teaching quality.

第四部分，在深刻理解全面质量管理理论和ISO9000系列标准的基础上，结合我国研究生教学管理的实际，阐述了我国研究生教学质量管理体系的构建原则、构建步骤，把我国硕士研究生教学质量管理体系分为教学管理组织、教学资源管理、教学实现过程管理和教学质量的监控和保证这四个子系统，并做了较详细的介绍。

The key point of achieving this goal and getting with compulsory education is to establish a teaching and curricula system combining the science, skills and art of teaching, as we call it, A New System of Teacher Education in Terms of the Three-position. And the most difficult and breaking point is the establishment of curricula about teaching skills that connect teaching science with teaching art.Key words: specialization of teacher education; reform on compulsory education curricula; curriculum; teaching

如果高师院校教师教育专业培养和再培训出来的教师，面对基础教育新课程和教学茫茫然，与其他非师范专业从教的教师相比不具明显优势，甚至因为其深受传统教师教育问题的困扰和束缚，比非师范专业的教师还难以适应基础教育的新局面，那么所谓高师院校教师教育的专业化特色和职能就严重削减或者自然丧失了。

The second section: mainly from directionally self-reading , discussing and questioning , intercoursing and answering the questions , training and transferring , summing-up and concludingthe five links to analyse the teaching structure of Chinese-teaching model of intercourse , to abstract the new Chinese teaching example by the teachers and students intercoursing in many ways as the main teaching form , the students self-studying , researching as the main teaching means. By the Old Sod as model to illuminate concretely the technique of its operation and teaching characteristic .

第二部分：主要从定向自读、讨论质疑、交往答疑、练习迁移、总结归纳五环节分析语文教学模式的教学结构，抽象出以师生多向交往为主要教学形式，以学生自主学习、探究发现为主要教学方式的新的语文教学范型，并以《故乡》的教学实例具体说明该模式的操作方法与教学特点。

This paper also analyzes the composition teaching structure and the new features of all kinds elements based on information technology with systematic theory ,classifies composition teaching software, talks about the thoughts and principle of composition teaching software design and development and inquires into the two models under the circumstance of multi-media teaching and network teaching on the basis of the analysis of writing psychology and structural learning theory and explains them with two specific teaching cases.

并分别在对写作心理学、建构主义学习理论分析的基础上，探讨了在多媒体教学环境和网络教学环境下信息技术作用于作文教学的两种主要模式，并用两个具体教例来加以说明。本文认为现代信息技术与作文教学整合实践中有一些认识上的误区和实际问题，就此本文展开了一些讨论。

Through observation and study by participating in the interactiveness of teaching research, the paper finds that in the activities, there are great differences in teachers' participation, their own judgment and following the majority, agreement and criticism; and concludes that different forms of the teaching research interactiveness have different effects upon teachers' professional knowledge and skills in different aspects, such as sitting in on a class and appraising a class play the most important role in teachers' profession improvement; preparing lessons together lays particular emphasis on the general methods and skills of class teaching; communicating freely lays particular emphasis on the knowledge of teaching practice and skills; the study together of a teaching research group lays particular emphasis on the discussion of the teaching theory.

听课评课对教师专业成长作用最大、集体备课侧重于课堂教学的一般方法与能力、自由交流侧重于教学的实践性知识与技能、教研组集体学习侧重于系统教育理论的研讨等。

The second is to cut a mere 100 calories from your diet , which is the equivalent of a tablespoon of butter.

第二个就是从你的饮食中减少一百卡路里，只是相当于一大汤匙的黄油。

This is where the Rorschach test comes in.

现在，罗氏测试就出现了。