查询词典 sum formula

For the security market with restricted borrowing and short sale unallowed, Options pricing formula are advanced, and the relation between them and Black-Scholes Options pricing formula is discussed. The essence of Black-Scholes Options pricing formula is set forth. To the security market with restricted borrowing and short sale unallowed, stock returns risk pricing formula is advanced and the demonstration analysis of China security market is provided. From the demonstration analysis, arbitrage exists in China security market, which can be applied to explain the riddle of a great deal of China bank money and hot money swarming into China security market.

本文在B-S期权定价的基础上，直接利用股票本身的参数推导出股票收益率风险的定价公式；对不允许融资和卖空的证券市场，给出了看涨期权和看跌期权的定价公式，并讨论了他们和相应B-S期权定价公式之间的关系；对B-S期权定价公式的本质做出了阐述；对不允许融资和卖空的证券市场，给出了股票收益率风险的定义；利用股票收益率风险的新定义，对中国证券市场进行实证分析，得出中国证券市场存在套利，解释了2006年和2007年中国大量银行资金和国外热钱流向中国股市之谜。

The fundamental law that is applied in this method is Kirchhoff's first law, which states that the algebraic sum of the voltage around a closed loop is 0, or, in any closed loop, the sum of the voltage rises must equal the sum of the voltage drop.

该方法所使用的一个基本定律是基尔霍夫第一定律，该定律表述为：沿着一个封闭回路的电压代数和为 0，或者：沿着一个封闭的回路，电压降之和等于电压升之和。

The notion of sum graph was introduced by F. Harary in 1990, Mod sum graph and mod sum number were introduced by Boland Sutton etc.

1990年，F。 Harary提出了和图的概念，模和图和模和数的概念是由Boland、Sutton等人提出来的。

Therefore, in this article,we first discussed the compound negative binomial, it able to simultaneously fitthe claim size and the claim number. At the same time, we studied the sum of themutually independent compound negative binomial and the sum of the mutuallyindependent compound negative binomial with discount factor and the sum of themaximal compound negative binomial; Next, for the claim data to be better fitted, this article has establishedthe superposition distributed model about the weighted average of the discreterandom and has discussed the estimation method of the parameters of thesuperposition distribution; Once more, we in detail elaborated the NCD which based on the claim numberand the NCD which based on the claim size and the claim number. Besides, weestablished an applied NCD model which also based on the claim size and the claimnumber; At last, we introduced the rewards and punishment coefficient of automobiletravel region into the applied NCD model, availably consummated the present NCD.

因此，本文首先讨论了能拟合索赔额大小和索赔次数的复合负二项分布，并对相互独立的复合负二项分布的和、带有折现因子的相互独立的复合负二项分布的和以及最大复合负二项分布进行了研究；其次，为了更好地拟合索赔数据，本文建立了离散随机变量加权平均的叠加分布模型，并讨论了其中的权数的估计方法；再次，本文详细阐述了基于索赔次数的无赔款优待系统、考虑索赔次数和索赔额大小的无赔款优待系统以及应用型的同时考虑索赔次数和索赔大小的无赔款优待系统；最后，本文在无赔款优待系统中引入了汽车行驶区域奖惩系数，对现行的无赔款优待系统进行了完善。

Firstly, the M-ary modulated Min-Sum algorithm which based on Maximum Liklihood is provided, however, can not be applied to actual decoding due to its complexity. By applying the so called Generalized Distributive Law, we simplified the Min-Sum decoding for M-ary modulated LDPC codes based on Maximum Likelihood, and obtained what we called Enhanced Min-Sum algorithm.

首先基于最大似然的原理给出了多进制调制下的Min-Sum算法，然后利用广义分配率的原理对基于最大似然译码的多进制Min-Sum算法进行了简化，首次提出了多进制调制下LDPC码的改进Min-Sum算法。

In the first chapter , we consider the law of iterated logarithm with finite partial sum. Under certain condition ,we extend the law of iterated logarithm with finite partial sum for the Wiener process to Gaussian process ; In addition, we apply the law of iterated logarithm of Chung to the finite partial sum condition.

第一章考虑有限项部分和的重对数律，在一定条件下，将 Wiener过程下有限项部分和的重对数律推广到高斯过程中，得到高斯过程下的有限项部分和的重对数律；另外，将Chung氏重对数律进一步推广到有限项部分和的情形下。

Results: Primary glaucoma invasive age from 60-70 was crest-time, it was 41.60% of sum; female patients were majority, it was 62.18% of sum; spring is high incidence time, it was 36.13% of sum; primary glaucoma was chronic disease, averaged course was two years-two months; usual symptom are hyperpyrexia of liver (34.03%), stagnation of QI due to depression of the liver (17.23%), hepatic and renal yin deficiency (13.45%), asthenic yin causing excessive pyrexia (11.76%), upward invading of wind-fire disturbing eye (11.76%), asthenic yin causing predominant yang (9.24%); inpairment of vision, eyes pain, shallow of anterior chamber were usual complaint and physical sign; using frequency usual prescription from hing to low were: hoelen, isapgol, anemarrhenae, glycyrrhiza uralensis, alisma rhizoma, cortex moutan, etc.

结果：原发性青光眼发病年龄以60~70岁最多见，占总例数41.60%；性别中女性患者居多，占62.18%；发病时间以春季最多，占总病例数36.13%；本病以慢性发病为主，病程平均为2年2个月；常见证候为肝火上炎证(34.03%)、肝郁气滞证(17.23%)、肝肾阴虚证(13.45%)、阴虚火旺证(11.76%)、风火上扰证(11.76%)、阴虚阳亢证(9.24%)；视力下降、旅胀痛、前房浅等较为常见的症状与体征；常用方使用频率由高到低依次为绿风羚羊饮、六味地黄汤、逍遥散等；常用药物使用频率由高到低依次为：茯苓、车前子、知母、甘草、泽泻、丹皮等。

It is proved that every Lie derivation of nest algebra is the sum of an associative derivation and a general trace. Every Lie isomorphism between nest subalgebras of a factor von Neumann algebra is the sum of an isomorphism and a general trace or the sum of a negative anti-isomorphism and a general trace. Lie invariant subspace of linear mappings on Banach algebras is introduced, and linear maps from nest subalgebra of a factor von Neumann algebra into itself which satisfy the property that the space of derivations is their Lie invariant subspaces are characterized. Simultaneously, it is shown that such maps are Lie derivations modulo the set of scalar multiple of the identity.

得到Lie导子的特征表示，即套代数上的任何一个Lie导子都是内导子与广义迹之和；给出了Lie同构和同构及反同构之间的关系，即因子von Neumann代数中套子代数之间的任何一个Lie同构要么是同构与广义迹之和要么是负反同构与广义迹之和；引入了Banach代数上线性映射的Lie不变子空间，并给出von Neumann代数中套子代数上以导子空间为Lie不变子空间的线性映射的一个刻画，同时也表明在模去数乘恒等映射的意义下，以导子空间为Lie不变子空间的线性映射就是Lie导子。

If the sound market value of the damaged property is lower than the sum insured of such property, the claim shall be settled on its market value; If the sound market value of the property is in excess of the sum insured, the Company shall only be liable for such proportion of the claim as the sum insured of the damaged property bears to its sound market value.

市价低于保险金额时，赔偿按市价计算；市价高于保险金额时，赔偿按保险金额与市价的比例计算。

If we rechange these two numbers: one number to two times as many as its original value, and the other to four times as many as its original value, the average of the five numbers will become 13. Which two numbers have been changed?I only know that the total sum of the original numbers is 45(5×9), the total sum of the 5 numbers after the first change is 40(5×8), and the total sum of the 5 numbers after the second change is 65(13×5). What can I do next? Please help me with the problem.Thank you!

这就要求琬婷一方面要用英语准确地把她想要问的问题清晰地表达出来，只有这样网上"数学博士"才能明白你要问的问题；另一方面琬婷还必须能够正确理解网上"数学博士"对她所提问题的英语答复，这两者是相互依赖的，否则就不能正确地帮助你理解和解决问题，这就要求琬婷必须用英语进行正确地表述和理解。

Mr. Putin said there were signs of genocide against the Ossetian people.

普京说，有迹象表明对南奥塞梯人进行了种族清洗。

What I'm trying to say, Tristan is...

特瑞斯坦。我想说的是。