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Through the research on the fire burning in an atrium used as accoutrement mall, it is found that the impact of venting rate, make-up air inlets" positions and make-up air flux on a fire growth is comparatively great. At one time it is indicated that in the beginning phase a fire in an accoutrement mall is "linear and undulate" fire in terms of gravity ventilation. Whereas, it is "fire in terms of mechanical ventilation.

本文对用作服装商场的中庭建筑的火源燃烧特性进行了研究，发现排烟量、进风口位置及进风量大小等都对火源的发展有较大的影响；同时，实验分析还表明：自然排烟条件下，服装商场火源在起始阶段为"线性脉动"火源；而在机械排烟条件下，服装商场火源在起始阶段则为""火源。

This system can be surveyed in early days to the fire and autoalarm, can output and link the signal of putting out a fire in time according to the position of condition of a fire , start corresponding fire controls facility, put out a fire .

该系统既能对火灾发生进行早期探测和自动报警，又能根据火情位置及时输出联动灭火信号，启动相应的消防设施，进行灭火。

The fire fight system of this design be hadanyplace and all by the fire bolt the system to constitute, and the fire bolt the system to guarantee the indoors three water pillars arrive at the same time, and the fire bolt the system to be pumped by water the ～ water tank to unite to supply water, fire fight tube adoption steel pipe.the hot water system, its tube of building the the adoption the steel pipes.

消防系统由消火栓系统组成，消火栓系统保证室内任何地方都有三股水柱同时到达，消火栓系统由水泵～水箱联合供水，消防管采用钢管。本设计还包括建筑热水系统，其管材采用不锈钢管。

The article incorporates Huygens' principle with existing fire behavior models of surface fire spread, crown fire spread, fire acceleration, builds forest fire simulation models which fit to Anning's terrain, and develops related dynamic modules for Yunnan Province. The experiment explores the spread of forest fires based on the Yunnan's special topography simulation.

利用惠更斯原理进行林火蔓延模拟，结合国际上成熟的林火行为模型（Rothermel的地表火模型，Van Wagner的树冠火蔓延模型，McAlpine的林火加速模型），建立适合云南省特殊地形的林火蔓延动态模型，并开发相应的动态模拟模块，在云南特殊地形地貌上的林火蔓延模拟做出一定探索。

According to the most unfavorable fire scenario for safety evaeuation, the AEST can be obtained through the spread of fire and smoke spread simulation. And the REST of different staff loads are calculated by empirical formula method. Through contrasting two times, whether evacuation passage setting can meet the evacuation requirements is confirmed, and then solutions are proposed. Then highway tunnel fire cause is discussed by Fault Tree Analysis method, and the effective measures to reduce the probability of tunnel fire are reducing the number of flammable materials and using fire-retardant or noncombustible materials for inner decoration are obtained.

以厦门金山寨隧道为例分析火灾时人员的安全疏散，针对隧道内最不利人员安全疏散的火灾场景进行分析，通过对火灾蔓延、烟气扩散进行模拟获得可用的人员安全疏散时间AEST，并用经验公式法计算不同的人员荷载下必需的人员安全疏散时间REST，对比两个时间，判别当前疏散通道的设置是否满足人员疏散要求，并对不满足安全疏散要求的工况提出解决方案。

Later during 13:30 to 14:00, emergency team members delivered training to all staff on plant fire-fighting equipment mainly on using instructions to fire extinguisher, fire hydrant and safety belt. In the meantime, all staff was organized to view the distribution and function of fire-fighting equipment in the plant (such as fire hose, safety alarm, burnable gas alarm tester, foam pourer system and pump alley).

13：30-14：00应急领导小组对员工进行了工厂消防设施的相关培训，主要演示了灭火器、消防栓、安全带的使用方法，同时组织全厂员工到现场了解公司消防设施的分布及功能（如消防箱、报警器、可燃气体报警仪、泡沫喷淋系统、消防泵房等设施）。

The officer of fire was instated for managing fire in Pre-qin, and they shouldered sacerdotal responsibility because the era was full of the deity religion. The officer of fire declared the time of burning the grass on waste land, prohibiting fire, and lighting new fire.

为了加强对火的管理，先秦时期设有火官，定期发布行火、禁火、改火命令，在民神杂糅的文化环境下，火官还兼有祭司的身份，负责"敬天授时"。

Most studies on fire prevention focus on buildings themselves, such as fire protection facilities, the usage of uninflammable materials, the design of partitions for preventing from fire hazard, etc. However, few researches discuss how to manage fire hazard in community scale concerning surrounding environments, space structure, land use, etc. Recently, urban plans are requested to take hazard mitigation into account. It demands more studies on the urban scale. Hence, this research proposes an evaluation method to assess fire risk degree in terms of urban blocks.

然而，目前一般消防单位对於消防安全之检视大多仅著眼於建筑物内部的消防设备或是建物内部防火设计是否妥当等硬体面，但从都市整体角度，即周边环境、空间结构以及建物、土地使用等因素对於火灾之影响则甚少探讨之，再加上都市防灾计画与检讨中亦须风险的资讯，因此本研究拟就都市街廓尺度，评估其火灾风险度，以作为都市地区消防规划、通盘检讨以及都市更新等政策决定之参考依据。

The duality of ship fires has been discussed in chapter 2 for the fire duality is the important part of fire science. The research method of ship fire probability and determinability has been described under the scope of duality. A model of ship fire hazard evaluation was presented combing with the ship fire macro-properties of our country.

火灾的双重性规律是火灾科学的重要思想，本文的第二章对船舶火灾的双重性规律进行了探讨，提出了在火灾的双重性规律框架下开展船舶火灾及其防治研究的构想，概述了船舶火灾的随机性研究和确定性研究的基本方法，结合我国船舶火灾的宏观特征，给出了船舶火灾危险性评估的初步模型

Of course it is very discommodious. Based on previous studies of the application software to calculation on properties of smoke flow in fire Network Modeling and the time forecast software of personal evacuate travel in high-rise building, according to the quality and energy conservation principle, the paper proposes fire flue gas temperature when the fire reaching a dangerous state in the network model, then evacuation time can be calculated. Simultaneity, the paper proposes a new method that combining VB with MATLAB program technology to analyze and evaluate safety egress in Multi-layer and Multi-room building fire, besides the BF-SPES(the Building Fire Safety Performance Evaluation System)is worked out.

本文在重庆大学开发成功的火灾网络模型烟气流动预测软件和高层建筑人员疏散行动时间预测软件的基础上，根据质量和能量守恒原理，提出了火灾网络模型下火灾达到危险状态的烟气温度值，这样便能计算出可用安全疏散时间；同时提出了一种基于VB与MATLAB混合语言编程技术开发的多层多室建筑火灾安全疏散评估方法，并开发出建筑物火灾安全性能评价系统BF-SPES(the Building Fire Safety Performance Evaluation System)。

Pachomius manual labour was organized as an essential part of the monastic life; and since it is a principle of the monks as distinguished from the mendicants, that the body shall be self-supporting, external work of one sort or another has been an inevitable part of the life ever since.

根据圣pachomius体力劳动组织作为一个重要组成部分寺院生活；以来，这是一个原则的和尚，作为有别于乞丐，该机构应自支撑，对外工作的这种或那种已一个必然的一部分，生活至今。

In order to study the effects of parametrical rolling on the ship movement and tilts, in allusion to ship's navigating in regular following waves, the equation of ship rolling motion is transformed into normal Mathieu equation by proper variable replacement when strong parametrical excitation in restoring moment varied according to sine or cosine wave.

为研究参数横摇对船舶运动和倾覆的影响，通过对船在规则波上随浪航行时，恢复力矩中出现的1个以正余弦规律变化的强参数激励项进行适当的变量置换，将船舶的横摇运动方程转换成标准形式的Mathieu方程。