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In this paper,the behavioral,physiological, ecological adaption mechanism of H.armigera and H.assulta to their common host plant tobacco were studied comparatively,and the main results were summarized as follows:Electroantennogram response of adult to tobacco volatiles:(1) H.armigera and H.assulta elicited similar EAG responses to the tested 20 tobacco volatiles;both of them elicited significantly more sensitive to green leaf volatiles,aliphatic and aromatic compounds, than to monoterpene,sesquiterpene,heterocyclic compounds under lower concentration; while the similar EAG responses under higher concentration were detected,but most of them were not significantly different with each other.

本文从行为、生理和生态适应三个方面，对棉铃虫和烟夜蛾与烟草间的互作进行了比较研究，主要结果如下：成虫对烟草挥发物的EAG反应：(1)两种夜蛾对测试的20种烟草挥发物均可产生EAG反应；低浓度下对绿叶气味、脂肪族、芳香族化合物的EAG反应显著高于单萜类、倍半萜类和杂环化合物；高浓度下的EAG反应也表现出相似的总体反应趋势，但多数反应值间的差异未达显著水平。

Biofeedback which aims to condition patients to be more sensitive to the stimulus of a full rectum and to heighten the voluntary striated muscle sphincter response.

生物反馈的目的是条件，病人较为敏感，刺激一个完整的直肠和提高自愿纹肌括约肌的回应。

The cultural condition of PGPR strains Temperature,pH,light,cultural method,acid or alkali producing,and salt tolerance of 9 PGPR strains isolated from Gramineous Forage were tested,the results showed that all the PGPR strains could grow in the temperature range from 5℃～45℃,and optimum temperature for 178,O-6,Dry6 strains was 35℃,for X5,173,Y5,C-6 strains was 30℃,for N4 strain was 25℃～35℃,for 86 strain was 25℃;most of PGPR strains prefered to neutral or alkaline condition,strains 178,O-6,N4 and X5 were preferable to alkali condition especially;light was beneficial to PGPR's growth;all of them produce alkali;most of PGPR strains were not sensitive to NaCl concentration;all the strains were aerobiotic bacteria.

结果表明：各供试菌株对温度的适应范围较广，在5℃～45℃范围内均能生长，178、O-6、Dry6 菌株的适宜生长温度为35℃，X5、173、Y5、C-6 菌株的适宜生长温度为30℃，N4 菌株的适宜生长温度为25℃～35℃，86 菌株的适宜生长温度为25℃；大部分菌株在中性或偏碱性的条件下生长好，特别是Dry6、N4 和X5 菌株对碱性环境适应性强，在pH 值8.0 时生长最好；光照有利于菌株的生长；绝大部分菌株在3%NaCl浓度下生长良好，在5%～7% NaCl 浓度下除173 和86 菌株外，其它菌株都能生长，即对盐份的耐受性较好，且9 个菌株均为产碱菌；除173 菌株是兼性厌氧细菌外，其它都是好氧性细菌。

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

Due to the fact that the intercarrier spacing in OFDM is relatively small, OFDM transceivers are somewhat more sensitive to phase noise compared to single carrier transceivers. Thus this problem must be carefully considered in designing an OFDMbased system since an accurate prediction of the tolerable phase noise can allow designer to relax system specifications. According to spectrum theorem, two components of phase noise were analyzed: common phase error and intercarrier interference. On the basis of the analysis, the performance of OFDM was given for the case where phase noise has been added to the signal, and an optimal design criterion for OFDM parameters was proposed that allows to improve the phase noise error correcting capabilities in OFDM receiver.

由于采用子载波间相互正交的结构，OFDM系统对于由本地振荡器不稳定性所导致的相位噪声影响非常敏感，针对公共相位误差CPE和载波间干扰ICI两种影响表现形式不同的干扰项，从功率谱密度函数这一独特角度分析了相位噪声对OFDM系统性能的影响，提出了旨在提高接收机抵抗相位噪声能力的OFDM系统关键参数优化与设计准则，可在对所设计OFDM系统性能加以提高的同时，有效降低对接收机前端模拟振荡器件和相位噪声抑制单元的性能指标要求，从而降低接收机硬件实现成本。

Especially, it is found that there exists three types of relative permeability of water such as concave, convex to the water saturation ax and the reversed "S" pattern. The super-low permeability reservoir is sensitive to pressure, apparent with millipore undersaturation and water blocks. In this study, a new concept of irriducible undersaturation is brought up. And a new mode to describle the process of imbibition dynamics is used to reveal and confirm the mechanism of pinhole enveloping macropore as following: pendular ring of wetting phase gathers→it fills throat→it truncates nonwejting phase . The expression of pressure distribution and the equation of oil production are deduced under conditions of non-darcy linear seepage and non-linear seepage.

尤其发现水相相对渗透率曲线存在凹向、凸向含水饱和度轴及反S形三种形式；特低渗透储层的压力敏感性强，微孔隙的欠饱和及水锁效应显著，本文研究中提出欠束缚水饱和度的概念，引用一种描述渗吸动态即湿相液环聚集→充填喉道→截断非湿相的演化过程的新方法，更深刻地揭示和证明了&小孔包围大孔&机理；推导出了非达西线性渗流和非线性渗流条件下的压力分布表达式和油井产量方程。

After some generations the population diversity would be greatly reduced and the algorithm might lead to a premature convergence to a local optimum. To circumvent these shortcomings, the chaotic dynamic system is introduced in the studies of chemometric algorithms. The chaotic mapping itself is very sensitive to the initial state in a manner similar to the statistical randomness but with its underlying patterns appearing to be phantasmagoric in a deterministic style.

神经网络是一个优异的非线性建模工具，但其突出的缺点就是潜在的预收敛到局部最优点或过拟合导致的错误预报模式；遗传算法用于优化过程其目的是为了避免陷入局部最优点，但事实上由于在传统遗传算法的进化过程中只有少数最好的成员被保留下来用于产生子代成员，经过一定代数的进化后群体成员的多样性就会显著下降，也很可能过早收敛到局部最优点。

So, a lot of fundamental research work needed to be done, including screening Daphnia, as a biomonitor, that is sensitive to toxicant but less to environment changing so as to decrease the environmental interferences for obtaining more accurate determination results; exploring the relationship between the phototactic behavior of Daphnia and pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphate, heavy metal, hormone and pesticide, especially their mixtures; studying the effect of environmental conditions such as temperature, pH and fish kairomones on the phototactic behavior of Daphnia.

口。。。口国。国里华典翩胭角嗓国但由于缺乏有效的研究方法，致使有关研究难于开展，人们不得不忽略有害物质之间的互相作用，把有害物质共同存在情况视为单一存在。因此，研究氮、磷和重金属对水搔趋光行为的影响规律，有益于认识富营养化水体和重金属污染的土壤中污染物之间的相互作用，弄清这些污染元素共存时产生的生物和环境效应，这些研究是治理土壤和水体污染之前必须解决的重大科学问题。

So, a lot of fundamental research work needed to be done, including screening Daphnia, as a biomonitor, that is sensitive to toxicant but less to environment changing so as to decrease the environmental interferences for obtaining more accurate determination results; exploring the relationship between the phototactic behavior of Daphnia and pollutantssuch as nitrogen, phosphate, heavy metal, hormone and pesticide, especially their mixtures; studying the effect of environmental conditions such as temperature, pH and fish kairomones on the phototactic behavior of Daphnia.

口。。。口国。国里华典翩胭角嗓国但由于缺乏有效的研究方法，致使有关研究难于开展，人们不得不忽略有害物质之间的互相作用，把有害物质共同存在情况视为单一存在。因此，研究氮、磷和重金属对水搔趋光行为的影响规律，有益于认识富营养化水体和重金属污染的土壤中污染物之间的相互作用，弄清这些污染元素共存时产生的生物和环境效应，这些研究是治理土壤和水体污染之前必须解决的重大科学问题。

The results showed that: the explants of strawberry leaves were rather sensitive to kanamycin, and the corresponding concentration of 20 mg/L could substantially inhibit the growth of non-transformed tisse and be used to screen the leaves of strawberry after transformation. Timentin at the concentration of 300 mg/L could be used to eliminate Agrobacterium tumefaciens and had minor impact on the growth of the explants. The preculture time of 2-4 days was beneficial to improve transformation frequency. Co-culture for 2-3 days not only had higher gus transient expression but also avoid the over-growth of agrobacterium. The bacterial concentration of OD(subscript 600nm) 0.4 was the best inoculum density and 10 minutes was the best inoculation time.

结果表明：草毒叶片外植体对卡那霉素较为敏感，适宜的筛选浓度为20mg/L，可明显抑制非转化组织的生长；300mg/L的羧吩青霉素可有效抑菌，对外植体生长影响也较小；预培养2-4d有利于转化；共培养2-3d有利于提高转化频率并避免了农杆菌的过度生长；OD(下标 600nm)值为0.4的菌液侵染10min效果最佳。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。