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The central government came to a new high level of recognizing the science and technology after 1978, thus, a new policy of clerisy was established and a good political atmosphere, which benefits on popular science development, was formed. Besides, while the government's essential mission was transferred to economical construction, the popular science was accelerated by factors as economical development, social desire and economical treatment. Then, the prosperity of education set a good foundation for the development of popular science. Fourthly, the increase in the number of boffins and a fast advance on science and technology contributed to popular science's development intellectively. All these elements above caused the 2nd fastigium. However, during the last 1980s and early 1990s, confusion occurred to man's sense of worth in the period of economy transformation, which made popular science come to a downturn. As a result, the 2nd fastigium declined.

第四章对第二次科普高峰进行了分析。1978年以后，党中央对科学技术的认识达到了前所未有的程度，确立了新的知识分子政策，形成有利于科普发展的良好政治氛围；国家工作重心转移到经济建设上来，经济发展、社会需求和经济待遇等因素促进了科普的发展；文化教育事业的兴旺发达为科普的发展奠定了良好的基础；科技工作者队伍的壮大，科学技术的迅速发展，提供了科普发展的智力支持，这些综合因素促成了第二次科普高峰的到来。80年代末期到90年代初，由于在经济转型期出现了暂时的价值观混乱，科普工作陷入低迷，科普高峰消退。

Ph.D. study in Applied Biological Science, Applied Economics, Biomedical Science, Didactics , History, Law, Linguistics and Literature, Medical Science, Political and Social Science, Pharmaceutical Science, Philosophy, Science, Veterinary Science.

是关于应用生物科学，应用经济学，生物医学，教授法，历史，法律，语言学和文学，医学科学，政治和社会科学，药物科学，哲学，自然科学，兽医学的方式。

In June 1999, the State Council of China officially approved the "Note of Request to Expedite the Building of Zhongguancun Science Park for the Purpose of Implementing the Strategy of Rejuvenating the Country through Science and Education" by the Beijing Municipal Government and the Ministry of Science and Technology and instructed the Beijing Municipal Government and the Ministry of Science and Technology to speed up the construction process of Zhongguancun Science Park in order to build it into a comprehensive reform trial base for implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and the two essential changes, a model base of international technical innovation with competitiveness, an incubator and radiating center for its scientific and technological achievements with its footing in the capital city of Beijing but facing the whole country and a base for training innovators and a first-class science park in the world.

1999年6月，国务院正式批准&注意的请求，以加快建设中关村科技园区为实施战略科教兴国和教育&由北京市政府和科技部和技术，并指示北京市政府和科技部，加快建设进程，中关村科技园区，以建设成一个全面的改革试验基地战略的实施科教兴国和教育，两个重要的变化，示范基地，技术创新与国际竞争力，孵化器和辐射中心，它的科学和技术成就的基础上，在首都北京，但面对全国的基地和培训的创新和一流的科学工业园区在世界上。

Section 3 probes the complexity of Vico\'s thoughts through discussing the works of Vico with exception of New Science .chapter 2 introduces and analysis New Science, The argument in this chapter are as follows:The epistemology of New Science isverura——factum, had been basing on this principle, Vico tried to developa new science——humanity and social sciences;(2)Methodology of NewScience: theme and theory in union, experience and rationality in union;(3) Conception of history of New Science: The theory of three stages and repeats itself of historical development, human society is created by itself;(4)Poetic wisdom, and its influences to aesthetics, literature and art theory;(5)The imagination theory of New Science, and its aesthetic significance as well as influences.

第一节论述《新科学》的认识论和题旨，指出《新科学》的认识论是真理——创造物原则，由此维柯试图创立一门"新科学"，即与自然科学相对的人文社会科学或者说文化哲学；第二节论述《新科学》的方法论：题材与学说的统一、经验与理性的统一；第三节论述《新科学》历史观：历史循环三阶段论、人类历史是由人类自己创造出来的，并提及其对人类学、美学的影响；第四节论述诗性智慧及其美学、文艺学影响；第五节论述《新科学》的想象理论及其美学意义和影响；第六节论述"发现真正的荷马"的内涵以及对社会历史批评的开创性意义。

However, in the face of the continual negative effect of science and technology and the interior problem of the science education, people begun to turn over to think the science curriculum and consider that the science curriculum should reflect the cultural character of science, envisage the negative effect of science and technology, pay attention to the functi...

但面对科学技术负面效应的不断显现和科学教育内部问题的接踵而至，人们开始反思科学课程，认为科学课程必须反映科学的文化属性、正视科学技术的负面效应、关注科学在精神层面的育人功能、尊重儿童的个性发展、培养学生全面认识、理解、运用和评价科学的意识和能力。

Taking into account the large number of information contained in authoritative journal about the History of Science, while avoiding the unreliability of results concluded by a single journal, through analyzing the contents metrically from 1993 to 2005 in three most authoritative journals on History of Science (ISIS, History of Science , British Journal for the History of Science), the paper displayed detailedly the microcosmic orbits of History of Science, revealed the hot points and hold the trends from the macrocosm and provided evidence and theoretical support for Historiography of Science. This will undoubtedly have an important academic value and theoretical significance.This article has three parts.

考虑到权威期刊所蕴涵的大量的科学史信息，同时避免单一期刊研究结论的不可靠性，本文选取国际上最权威的三份科学史综合期刊《爱西斯》、《科学史》、《英国科学史杂志》(British Journal for the History of Science)，对1993-2005年的内容进行计量分析，详细地展示这十多年来科学史研究的微观发展过程，并在三者计量结果进行相互比较印证的基础上，揭示科学史研究热点及发展脉络，从宏观上把握科学史研究的学术走向，对科学史研究重点的调整提供证明与借鉴，并为科学编史学的研究提供理论支持。

During the inquiry activities guided by teahcers, the students should realize the knowability of the world, the finity of our knowledge and the infinity of science inquiry, the variability of science and the stability of science, the subjectivity of science and the objectivity of science, the significance of science and localization of scinece, etc.

因此，学生通过在教师指导下的自主探究，应该认识到世界的可知性、人类认识的有限性与科学探索的无限性、科学的变化性与稳定性、科学的主观性与客观性、科学的重要性与局限性等。

To further enhance the local scientific and technological innovation capability and improve the effectiveness of local government investment in science and technology, use the local government investment in technology rollingly, expanding the local government investment in science and technology channels, This study will use the theory of public goods and theory of public choice, with the current system, development background, discuss the cause of scientific and technological input of local government reform, aggregate the experiences and lessons from local government investment in science and technology in recent years, study the reform ideas of local government investment in science and technology in the new situation In the way of reform ideas, and proposed the concrete measures and run programes for the establishment of new mechanisms of local government investment in science and technology ,to provide theoretical preparations, options and decision-making for the reform of local government investment in science and technology.

为了进一步增强地方科技创新能力，提高地方政府科技投入的效能，滚动使用地方政府科技投资，拓展地方政府科技投入渠道，本文将利用公共物品理论、公共选择理论，结合当前的体制、发展背景，探讨地方政府科技投入方式改革的动因，总结近年来地方政府科技投入方式改革的经验教训，研究新形势下地方政府科技投入方式改革的思路，提出建立地方政府科技投入新机制的具体措施和运行方案。为地方政府科技投入方式改革提供理论准备、备选方案和决策参考。

In recent years, consolidation in the development of the medical profession, and strive to improve the quality of teaching at the same time, the additional population science, biological science, computer science, environmental science, foreign languages, materials science, and other non-medical professionals to make the College to maintain and carry forward Medicine, radiology, nursing, pharmacy characteristics at the same time, to the multi-disciplinary, comprehensive, modern and the University of direction.

近年来，在巩固发展医科专业，努力提高教学质量的同时，增设了人口科学、生物科学、计算机科学、环境科学、外语、材料科学等多个非医药专业，使学院在保持和发扬医学、放射、护理、药学特色的同时，向多学科、综合性、现代化大学方向发展。

Establish " traffic serves at the society, science and technology serves at traffic " science and technology develops a concept, specific science and technology develops a stress, dominant of government of; of strategy of executive classification research and development and market are advanced develop simultaneously, platform of science and technology of have the aid of, the conformity that realizes resource of of all kinds scientific research and optimize configuration; to protect intellectual property, quicken achievement of science and technology to change, ensure highway canalage traffic spans newly finally the implementation of type development target.

树立"交通服务于社会，科技服务于交通"的科技发展理念，明确科技发展重点，实施分类研发战略；政府主导和市场推进并举，借助科技平台，实现各类科研资源的整合和优化配置；保护知识产权，加速科技成果转化，最终确保公路水路交通新的跨越式发展目标的实现。

There had been a moment during the breakfast meeting, though, after the backslapping and the small talk and when all of us were seated, with Vice President Cheney eating his eggs Benedict impassively and Karl Rove at the far end of the table discreetly checking his BlackBerry, that I witnessed a different side of the man.

那次早餐会期间，在表示过关心和寒暄以后，我们所有人坐了下来，我注意观察了一下，副总统切尼面无表情地吃着班尼迪克蛋（Eggs benedict，源自美国，以英式松饼、火腿、水煮蛋以及荷兰酱组合而成），卡尔。罗夫在餐桌的远端谨慎地经常查看他的黑莓手机，我目睹了他所不为人知的一面。

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